Table 1.
Summary of Studies Using Three Kinds of Interventions (Context Personalization, Example Choice, and Active Personalization) To Personalize Education
| Intervention type and study | School level | Main finding for effect of personalization on interest |
|---|---|---|
| Context personalization | ||
| HØgheim & Reber (2015) | Middle school | If low initial interest: increases in TSI, MSI-F, MSI-V |
| HØgheim & Reber (2017) | Middle school | If low perceived performance: increase in MSI-V; otherwise, decrease in MSI-V |
| Lopez & Sullivan (1992) | Seventh grade | Increase in task interest |
| Ku, Harter, Liu, Thompson, & Cheng (2007) | Middle school | Increases in liking and reengagement |
| Bernacki & Walkington (2018) | Ninth grade | Increases in situational interest and individual interest |
| Example choice | ||
| HØgheim & Reber (2015) | Middle school | If low initial interest: increases in TSI and MSI-F |
| HØgheim & Reber (2017) | Middle school | Increase in TSI |
| Reber, Hetland, Chen, Norman, & Kobbeltvedt (2009) | First-year university | Increase in task interest |
| Active personalization | ||
| Canning & Harackiewicz (2015) | College | If low confidence: increases in task interest; otherwise, decrease in task interest |
| Canning et al. (2018) | First-year university | Increases in reengagement and retention within the field |
| Gaspard et al. (2015) | Middle school | Increase in utility value |
| Harackiewicz, Canning, Tibbetts, Priniski, & Hyde (2016) | College | If low initial interest: increase in behavioral engagement with the writing assignment |
| Hulleman & Harackiewicz (2009) | High school | Increase in situational interest |
| Hulleman, Godes, Hendricks, & Harackiewicz (2010) | College | If low initial performance: increases in situational interest; maintained interest |
| Hulleman, Kosovich, Barron, & Daniel (2017) | College | If low initial performance: increase in situational interest |
Note: TSI = triggered situational interest; MSI-F = maintained situational interest related to feelings; MSI-V = maintained situational interest related to value.