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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Med (Berl). 2019 May 3;97(9):1231–1243. doi: 10.1007/s00109-019-01786-w

Figure 4: Kupffer cells can locally promote metabolic reprogramming in hepatocytes via TNFα.

Figure 4:

Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were isolated from mice. Kupffer cell-hepatocyte co-culture experiments with pI:C (24 hours) were performed using transwells. A) qPCR for glucokinase (Gck, left) and phosphofructokinase (Pfk, right) (N = 3/group) in primary hepatocytes following co-culture. B) qPCR for glucokinase (Gck, left) and phosphofructokinase (Pfk, right) in primary hepatocytes using conditioned media from Kupffer cells stimulated with pI:C (N = 3/group). C) TNFα production by Kupffer cells (KC) and primary hepatocytes (HC) following exposure to pI:C (N = 3/group). D) TNFα mRNA expression in ex vivo Kupffer cells isolated from pI:C treated mice (N = 3/group). E) qPCR for glucokinase (Gck, left) and phosphofructokinase (Pfk, right) in co-culture experiments during treatment with etanercept (N = 3/group). etan = etanercept. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001. Error bars = standard error of the mean.