Table 3.

Simple and multiple linear regression coefficients between circulating SCFA and metabolic parameters in fasting state.

Metabolites	Circulating acetate				Circulating propionate				Circulating butyrate
	std ß	P	std β adj		std ß	P	std β adj		std ß	P	std β adj	P
FFA, μmol/L	−0.032 ± 0.084	0.701	0.003 ± 0.080	0.974	−0.302 ± 0.079	0.000	−0.127 ± 0.078	0.103	−0.381 ± 0.077	<0.001	−0.306 ± 0.090	0.001
TAG, μmol/L	−0.249 ± 0.081	0.003	−0.077 ± 0.081	0.340	−0.225 ± 0.081	0.006	−0.202 ± 0.078	0.010	−0.356 ± 0.078	<0.001	−0.137 ± 0.094	0.150
Glycerol, μmol/L	−0.204 ± 0.082	0.014	−0.190 ± 0.083	0.023*	−0.025 ± 0.083	0.768	0.155 ± 0.081	0.059	−0.286 ± 0.080	<0.001	−0.173 ± 0.098	0.079
Hormones
Insulin, mU/L	−0.187 ± 0.079	0.019	0.003 ± 0.070	0.968	−0.234 ± 0.078	0.003	−0.066 ± 0.068	0.336	−0.406 ± 0.073	<0.001	−0.040 ± 0.082	0.625
GLP-1, pmol/L	0.402 ± 0.078	0.000	0.187 ± 0.070	0.009	0.318 ± 0.080	0.000	0.218 ± 0.068	0.002*	0.574 ± 0.069	<0.001	0.274 ± 0.081	0.001
PYY, pmol/L	0.125 ± 0.097	0.201	0.107 ± 0.107	0.317	0.080 ± 0.097	0.413	0.018 ± 0.105	0.868	0.182 ± 0.096	0.060	0.142 ± 0.126	0.263
Insulin sensitivity
M-value, mg/kg/min	−0.224 ± 0.102	0.031	−0.294 ± 0.071	<0.001	0.327 ± 0.099	0.001	0.161 ± 0.074	0.033*	0.164 ± 0.103	0.113	−0.066 ± 0.091	0.469
HOMA-IR	−0.247 ± 0.079	0.002	−0.009 ± 0.067	0.892	−0.160 ± 0.080	0.047	0.007 ± 0.065	0.914	−0.461 ± 0.072	<0.001	−0.054 ± 0.078	0.494
Glucose, mmol/L	−0.228 ± 0.078	0.004	0.005 ± 0.066	0.939	−0.177 ± 0.078	0.025	−0.044 ± 0.064	0.499	−0.506 ± 0.068	<0.001	−0.200 ± 0.075	<0.001
Inflammatory markers
LBP, pg/ml	−0.075 ± 0.088	0.399	0.038 ± 0.087	0.667	−0.262 ± 0.085	0.003	−0.117 ± 0.085	0.168	−0.330 ± 0.083	<0.001	−0.116 ± 0.102	0.254
IL-6, pg/ml	−0.298 ± 0.077	0.000	−0.098 ± 0.070	0.163	−0.177 ± 0.079	0.027	−0.027 ± 0.053	0.690	−0.406 ± 0.073	0.000	−0.021 ± 0.082	0.803
IL-8, pg/ml	−0.079 ± 0.080	0.324	0.024 ± 0.086	0.778	0.126 ± 0.079	0.113	0.164 ± 0.084	0.051	−0.023 ± 0.080	0.775	0.185 ± 0.100	0.067
TNF-α, pg/ml	−0.296 ± 0.076	0.000	−0.105 ± 0.076	0.168	−0.095 ± 0.079	0.232	−0.048 ± 0.075	0.523	−0.330 ± 0.075	<0.001	−0.047 ± 0.089	0.598
Substrate Oxidation
Fat, E%	−0.156 ± 0.084	0.065	−0.021 ± 0.086	0.812	−0.117 ± 0.084	0.167	−0.052 ± 0.085	0.543	−0.317 ± 0.080	<0.001	−0.138 ± 0.101	0.172
CHO, E %	0.074 ± 0.087	0.396	0.159 ± 0.094	0.094	−0.092 ± 0.087	0.291	−0.167 ± 0.092	0.072	0.002 ± 0.087	0.986	0.047 ± 0.111	0.672

β, standardized β coefficient + standard error of coefficient of fasting circulating acetate, propionate and butyrate as dependent variable in a simple regression and multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and BMI. M-value (n = 93), PYY (n = 107). Adj, adjusted, std standardized, E%, percentage of energy expenditure, FFA, free fatty acids, TAG, triglycerides, GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1, PYY, peptide YY, HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, IL-6, interleukin 6, IL-8, interleukin 8, TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha.