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. 2019 Aug 29;9:12534. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47609-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The responses of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in assays of human blood monocyte or its derived macrophages with heat-killed Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (multiplicity of infection: 100) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 μg/ml). (A) IL-1β and TNF-α in the reaction supernatant by monocyte derived macrophages and caspase-1 from reaction by monocyte, and (B) mRNA of cytokines response in cultured cells after stimulation for 24 hours and 6 hours, respectively. The Y axis of mRNA is fold-change compared to the negative controls. The data were compared using the Mann Whitney U test. The crossed lines are mean values and bars of standard errors. *0.01 ≤ p < 0.05. **0.001 ≤ p < 0.01. HC, healthy controls; pt, patients.