Variable	Variable Type	Definition
Outcome
HAZ Score	Continuous	Child height/length-for-age z-score, compared to WHO reference population.
Stunting	Binary	1 if child's HAZ score less than -2 SD from the reference population median.
Severe Stunting	Binary	1 if child's HAZ score less than -3 SD from the reference population median.
Underlying Determinants
Feeding Practice
Age-appropriate feeding	Binary	1 if children aged 0–5 months are exclusively breastfeed; or if children aged 6–23 months still on breastfeeding and got minimum 4 types of foods in past day before the interview with minimum frequency of 2 times a day; or if children aged ≥24 months, they have already stoppedbreastfeeding, got minimum 4 types of foods in the past day before the interview with minimum frequency of 3 times a day.
Health care services
Full immunization	Binary	1 if children aged ≥12 months already got minimum number of vaccination (1 measles, 1 BCG, 3 DPT, 3 Polio, and 3 Hepatitis B); children aged 0–11 months coded as 0 to keep them in the sample.
4 + ANC	Binary	1 if during the pregnancy mother received at least 4 times of antenatal care.
Institutional delivery	Binary	1 if a child was born in any healthcare facility.
Posyandu participation	Binary	1 if a child ever participated in Posyandu (a) community program for child's growth monitoring) in past 4 weeks before the interview.
Healthy environment
Safe drinking water	Binary	1 if household using boiled water from bottled water or either pipe water, well water, spring water, or rain water (WHO/UNICEF, 2006).
Improved sanitation	Binary	1 if household had private toilet with septic tank (WHO/UNICEF, 2006).
Clean HH environment	Binary	1 if interviewer did not observe any human or animal feces around the house where the child lived.
>1 smoker in Household	Binary	1 if there was more than 1 smoker in the household
Intrahousehold food competition
Birth order and interval	Categorical	Categorized as: (1) “first-borns”, (2) “Short birth interval” for subsequent children with less than 24 months of birth interval with their older siblings, and (3) “Long birth interval” if the birth interval is more than or equal to 24 months.
Large Household size	Binary	1 if household consisted of more than 4 members.
Non-modifiable factors
Male Child	Binary	1 if a child is male
Child's age	Categorical	Child's age when interviewed, coded as 1 for children aged 0–5 months, 2 for 6–11 months, 3 for 12–23 months, and 4 for ≥24 months.
Mother's short stature	Binary	1 if mother's height is less than 145 cm
Basic determinants
Household and parental factors
Household Wealth	Categorical	Tertile of wealth index, grouped at household level observation. Coded as 1 for “Poorest third”, 2 for “Middle third”, and 3 for “Richest third”.
Electricity	Binary	1 if household had any access to electricity
Mother's education: Min. Junior High Schl.	Binary	1 if child's mother had minimum of Junior High School Degree
Mother's age at birth: <20 years	Binary	1 if child's mother was a teenager (aged <20 years old) when giving birth. Mother's age at birth was calculated from the date of birth of the mother subtracted by the date of birth of the child.
Male HH head	Binary	1 if the gender of household head was male.
Regional factors
Urban	Binary	1 if a child lived in urban area
Island	Categorical	Dummy variable for island where the child lived namely: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Bali and Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi