TABLE 4.
Antibiotic-specific adverse events leading to treatment modification (n = 60) | ||||||||
Total patients (n = 192) | Total frequency of adverse events (n = 319) | Clarithromycin (n = 4) (199 patients) | Azithromycin (n = 3) (61 patients) | Amikacin (n = 26) (218 patients) | Imipenem (n = 3) (67 patients) | Linezolid (n = 9) (38 patients) | Tigecycline (n = 15) (53 patients) | |
Gastrointestinal distress | 79(41.1) | 143(44.8) | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 14 |
Diarrhea | 15(7.8) | 22(6.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Abdominal pain | 13(6.8) | 25(7.8) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Nausea | 35(18.2) | 66(20.7) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 10 |
Vomiting | 16(8.3) | 30(9.4) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Dizziness | 7(2.9) | 15(4.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ototoxicity | 11(5.7) | 15(4.7) | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Nephrotoxicity | 20(10.4) | 34(10.7) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hepatotoxicity | 9(4.7) | 15(4.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Hematologic toxicity | 11(5.7) | 26(8.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 |
Leukopenia | 5(2.6) | 11(3.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
Thrombocytopenia | 2(1.0) | 5(1.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Anemia | 4(2.1) | 10(3.13) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Insomnia | 3(1.6) | 6(1.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Fever | 3(1.6) | 5(1.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Headache | 14(7.3) | 22(6.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Myoclonus | 3(1.6) | 4(1.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Agitation | 3(1.6) | 3(0.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Taste alteration | 10(5.2) | 11(3.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Allergic reactions | 19(9.9) | 20(6.3) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
∗The patients affected by the adverse event listed are enumerated. Notably, a single patient is often affected by more than one event. Those antibiotics, which most frequently cause events that necessitates treatment modification, are listed.