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. 2019 Jun 18;5(8):1366–1376. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00359

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Evaluation of the antibacterial effect of rAgNAs on planktonic bacteria and a bacterial biofilm in vitro. (a) Monitoring of the growth curve of planktonic MRSA cocultured with rAgNAs with different concentrations. (b) Colony formation of planktonic MRSA on the agar after being cocultured with different concentrations of rAgNAs. (c) Evaluation of the relative growth of planktonic MRSA cocultured with rAgNAs or uAgNAs in a medium with or without pH adjustment with a concentration of 100 μg mL–1. ****P < 0.0001. (d, e) Morphologies of planktonic MRSA before and after being cocultured with rAgNAs, characterized via SEM (d) and TEM (e). (f) Colony formation of planktonic MRSA on the agar after being cocultured with a therapeutic agent with a concentration of 200 μg mL–1. (g) Total bioburden of the MRSA biofilm after treatment (n = 4). ****P < 0.0001. (h) Viability of the biofilm bacteria after treatment (n = 4). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01. (i) Representative images of Syto green/PI staining of a biofilm to investigate the membrane permeability of bacteria in the biofilm. Scale bar, 50 μm.