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. 2019 Aug 23;10:1951. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01951

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Copyright © 2019 Liang, Wang, Wang, Zhao, Yang, Wang, Yang, Zhang, Jiao and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic illustration of the mechanism of sources of the viruses in the deep sea (modified from Figure 7 of Guo et al., 2018). (1) Viruses were ubiquitous in the whole water column, e.g., SAR11 viruses; (2) viruses sank from euphotic zone into the deep sea; they could sink alone or within the aggregates/fecal pellets, e.g., Prochlorococcus phages and Cyanophages; (3) viruses might be endemic to the deep sea environments which infecting the deep sea unique host cells, e.g., Mycobacterium phages which were only observed in the deep sea viromes; and (4) the horizontal and vertical physical transportation processes might be involved in the fast transportation process to accelerate the sinking of viral and host cells.