Table 2.

Summary of intervention effects on psychosocial outcomes.

Study		Psychosocial outcomes								Behavior change theories
		Social support	PAa self-efficacy	PA motivation	Barriers to PA	PA enjoyment	Outcome expectations	Perceived benefits of PA	Perceived PA competency
App-alone studies
	Arrogi et al, 2017 [40]	—b	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	SCTc, CTd
	Bond et al, 2014 [48]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Choi et al, 2016 [38]	[-]e	[-]	—	[++]f	—	—	—	—	SCT
	Cowdery et al, 2015 [39]	—	—	[-]	—	[-]	—	—	[-]	SDTg
	Fanning et al, 2017 [41]	—	[-]	—	[+]h	—	[-]	—	—	SCT
	Glynn et al, 2014 [36]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Korinek et al, 2018 [50]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	SCT
	Pellegrini et al, 2015 [49]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Simons et al, 2018 [42]	[-]	[-]	—	[-]	—	—	[-]	—	ASEi
	Walsh et al, 2016 [37]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	COM-Bj
App Web-based social networking studies
	Al Ayubi et al, 2014 [43]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	SCT, TRAk
	Foster et al, 2010 [44]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Hurkmanns et al, 2018 [47]	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Pope et al, 2018 [46]	[+]	[+]	—	—	[+]	—	—	—	SCT
	Torquati, Kolbe-Alexander et al, 2018 [45]	[-]	[-]	—	—	—	—	—	—	SCT, GSTl, CT

^aPA: physical activity.

^bNot applicable.

^cSCT: Social Cognitive Theory.

^dCT: Control Theory.

^eNo improvement in outcome.

^fSignificant between-group improvement in outcome.

^gSDT: Self-Determination Theory.

^hSignificant within-group improvement in outcome.

ⁱASE: Attitude-social Influence Self-efficacy Model.

^jCOM-B: The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior framework.

^kTRA: The Theory of Reasoned Action.

^lGST: Goal setting Theory.