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. 2019 Aug 23;10:1949. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01949

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Copyright © 2019 Olsen, Røder, Russel, Madsen, Sørensen and Burmølle.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of single-species pre-colonization on subsequent biofilm community composition. Conceptual figure showing hypothetical outcomes of pre-colonization on species compositions. Pre-inoculation with the individual species (top), pre-inoculation PBS control (middle) and pre-inoculation control with all species (bottom). The hypothetical outcomes are depicted on the right in the figure. The effects of pre-inoculation with an individual species could lead to an unchanged species composition (“No effect”) compared to the PBS control, or if the first colonizer has a growth advantage, it could result in “Impediment” or “Exclusion” of cohabitants. The pre-inoculated species could also “Facilitate” the establishment of later colonizers, which would result in increased numbers of the affected species.