FIGURE 1.

Flow-chart summarizing the fMRI analysis. Control group, neonates not requiring invasive procedures; IP group, neonates requiring invasive procedures; NICI score, neonatal intensive care invasiveness score; 0 category, no painful events during the early post-natal period or <5 skin breaks (i.e., heel lances, central line insertion, and intramuscular injection); I category, >5 skin breaks or neonatal endotracheal intubation; II category, >5 skin breaks and neonatal endotracheal intubation; III category, surgical interventions (i.e., patent ductus arteriosus ligation and surgical necrotizing enterocolitis).