TABLE 2.

Clinical outcome at 24 months and NICI score categories.

NICI score		Griffith’s developmental scale scores (mean ± std.dev)
		Developmental quotient	Locomotor	Personal-social	Hearing-speech	Eye-hand coordination	Performance
Control group	0 category N = 13	101.3 ± 3.1	101.5 ± 3.2	98.9 ± 4.2	101.9 ± 3.6	101.9 ± 3.7	99.9 ± 3.1
IP group	I category N = 7	98.4 ± 10.1	99.1 ± 5.7	90.1 ± 9.2	94.2 ± 9.6	91.3 ± 8.4	94.7 ± 7.2
	II category N = 20	90.2 ± 10.9	93.1 ± 11.2	87.6 ± 9.3	94.1 ± 7.4	90.1 ± 9.2	92.5 ± 8.5
	III category N = 6	87.8 ± 8.3∗	84.5 ± 5.3∗	83.5 ± 8.3∗	86.8 ± 4.6∗	86.7 ± 4.1∗	87.8 ± 3.1∗

Significant lower values were observed for each subscale score in neonates of III Invasiveness score category when compared with controls. ^∗ indicate P < 0.001 (Bonferroni corrected); differences of Griffith’s developmental subscale score mean values were testes among the NICI score categories using a general linear regression model, controlling for gestational age and gender. Control group, neonates not requiring invasive procedures; IP group, neonates requiring invasive procedures; NICI score, neonatal intensive care invasiveness score: 0 category, no painful events during the early post-natal period or <5 skin breaks (i.e., heel lances, central line insertion, and intramuscular injection); I category, >5 skin breaks or neonatal endotracheal intubation; II category, >5 skin breaks and neonatal endotracheal intubation; III category, surgical interventions (i.e., patent ductus arteriosus ligation and surgical necrotizing enterocolitis).