Table 3.

Risk factors for rapid autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression

1. PKD1 mutations (Truncating mutations has the worst outlook)

2. Age

3. Male gender

4. Early decrease in GFR

5. Early onset of hypertension

6. High total kidney volume (Mayo Classification 1C-1E)

7. Early onset or repeated episodes of gross hematuria

8. Women with hypertension, three or more pregnancies

9. Proteinuria, microalbuminuria and elevated serum copeptin levels

10. Overweight/Obesity

Note: Data from these studies.43,78