Skip to main content
. 2019 Aug 26;12:2637–2648. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S205163

Table 2.

Univariate statistic model of putative risk factors for prolonged intestinal EPE carriage using Fisher’s exact test

Variable EPE-positive (n=76) EPE-negative (n=67) P-value
Age >70 years 32 19 0.115
Female sex 50 45 1.000
Escherichia coli1 73 61 0.149
ESBL phenotype A1 71 60 0.229
Bacteria resistant to Ciprofloxacin and/or Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole1 62 51 0.538
Isolate in urine1 57 36 0.009
History of EPE infection 60 40 0.007
Carriage prior to January 2016 12 6 0.218
Urological intervention within 6 months2 26 6 0.000
Inflammatory bowel disease 0 2 0.218
Charlson comorbidity index >0 39 26 0.131
Inpatient hospital care within 2 years3 37 29 0.506
Urinary catheter or clean intermittent catheterization 7 1 0.066
Antibiotic use within 2 years4 60 52 1.000
Overall drug treatment >0 57 53 0.699
Proton pump inhibitor treatment 15 12 0.831
Immunosuppressive treatment5 3 3 1.000
Travel to Africa and/or Asia within 2 years# 15 26 0.020
Abdominal pain and/or altered bowel habits# 23 27 0.358
Domestic animal# 20 22 0.570
Currently working# 22 24 0.454
>1 person in household# 50 42 0.275
Known carrier of EPE in household6# 2 2 1.000
Vegetarian# 1 0 1.000
Post-secondary education# 33 32 1.000

Notes: Statistical analysis using Fisher’s exact test with exact 2-sided significance. A P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. All data were collected originating at time of inclusion, ie, when fecal culture was collected, except 1 which denotes original EPE-positive culture. 2Minor or major invasive procedure on bladder, prostate and/or kidney and cystoscopy. 3Both in Sweden and internationally. 4Any systemic antibiotic. 5Including any dosage of corticosteroids or methotrexate. 6Other than patient included in the study. All calculations are based on the weighted data. All counts are rounded to the nearest integer. Due to rounding, there are small variations in the number of patients included in each test. All percentages are rounded up to the nearest integer. #Based on the total number of questionnaire responses according to Table S3. In this article, a P-value of ≤0.05 highlighted in bold was considered significant. 

Abbreviations: ESBL, extended spectrum β-lactamase; EPE, extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure