Table 1.
Patient demographic data
| Characteristics | CTDs | Controls | t/χ2 (Z) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 120 | 140 | ||
| Sex | 0.83 | 0.36 | ||
| Male | 102 (85%) | 113 (81%) | ||
| Female | 18 (15%) | 27 (19%) | ||
| Age. y | 9 (8–11) | 9 (7–10) | (–1.42) | 0.16 |
| BMI | 0.56 | 0.76 | ||
| <85th | 87 (72%) | 102 (73%) | ||
| 85–95th | 26 (22%) | 27 (19%) | ||
| >95th | 7 (6%) | 11 (8%) | ||
| Season of blood collection | 0.39 | 0.53 | ||
| Winter | 98 (82%) | 110 (79%) | ||
| Summer | 22 (18%) | 30 (21%) | ||
| 25 (OH)D, (ng/mL) | 19±7a | 29±7 | 10.5 | <0.001 |
| During winter | 19±8a | 28±7 | 9.37 | <0.001 |
| During summer | 21±6a | 30±8 | 4.68 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D status | 49.3 | <0.001 | ||
| Optimal | 8 (7%)a | 62 (44%) | ||
| Insufficient | 98 (81%)a | 74 (53%) | ||
| Deficient | 14 (12%)a | 4 (3%) |
Notes: ap<0.05 vs controls. Data represent the percentages of, mean ± SD, or medians (P25–P75). Independent t test, χ2 test, and Mann–Whitney test were employed for comparing control children to those with CTDs.
Abbreviations: CTDs, Chronic tic disorders (referred as case group); Controls, normal healthy controls.