Table 2. Baseline information according to self-reported daytime napping.
| Daytime napping, h | ALL n = 33850 | 0 n = 22457 | (0, 1] n = 8240 | (1, 1.5] n = 1817 | >1.5 n = 1336 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 58.1±9.3 | 57.3±8.9 | 59.8±9.7 | 59.7±9.6 | 59.5±9.8 | <0.001 |
| Male, % | 33.1(11198) | 31.2(7001) | 35.9(2960) | 41.8(759) | 35.8(478) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 86.2±10.0 | 86.2±10.1 | 86.0±9.8 | 86.7±10.1 | 87.3±10.4 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 97.0±7.8 | 97.0±7.9 | 96.8±7.6 | 97.2±7.8 | 97.4±7.8 | 0.042 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7±3.7 | 24.7±3.7 | 24.4±3.6 | 24.8±3.8 | 25.1±3.8 | <0.001 |
| Tumor, % | 2.9(992) | 3.1(698) | 2.6(212) | 3.2(58) | 1.8(24) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes, % | 22.8(7712) | 20.7(4657) | 25.3(2084) | 29.8(541) | 32.2(430) | <0.001 |
| Smoking habits | <0.001 | |||||
| Regular smoker, % | 12.6(4219) | 12.3(2745) | 12.1(996) | 16.3(291) | 14.2(187) | |
| Sometimes smoker, % | 2.6(878) | 2.5(553) | 2.9(236) | 2.9(52) | 2.8(37) | |
| Never smoker, % | 84.8(28470) | 85.2(18961) | 85.0(6969) | 80.8(1443) | 83.0(1097) | |
| Drinking habits | <0.001 | |||||
| Regular drinker, % | 7.0(2349) | 6.8(1507) | 6.8(559) | 9.8(175) | 8.1(108) | |
| Sometimes drinker, % | 19.1(6406) | 19.1(4242) | 18.9(1554) | 20.3(363) | 18.6(247) | |
| Never drinker, % | 73.9(24827) | 73.5(16512) | 74.3(6095) | 69.9(1247) | 73.3(973) | |
| Regular exercise, % | 12.1(4097) | 13.3(2972) | 9.7(802) | 9.5(173) | 11.2(150) | <0.001 |
| Exercise intensity | <0.001 | |||||
| Mild exercise, % | 9.1(3081) | 10.0(2251) | 7.5(620) | 5.8(106) | 7.8(104) | |
| Moderate exercise, % | 2.6(875) | 2.8(618) | 1.9(158) | 3.4(61) | 2.8(38) | |
| Severe exercise, % | 0.4(141) | 0.5(103) | 0.3(24) | 0.3(6) | 0.6(8) | |
| Obesity(BMI> = 28), % | 15.1(5127) | 15.7(3515) | 13.3(1092) | 15.9(289) | 17.3(231) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.9(5.6,6.2) | 5.8(5.6,6.2) | 5.9(5.6,6.3) | 6.0(5.6,6.4) | 6.0(5.6,6.5) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 131.8±20.4 | 132.1±20.6 | 131.4±20.0 | 131.6±20.2 | 131.1±19.7 | 0.034 |
| DBP, mmHg | 77.6±10.9 | 77.8±11.0 | 77.1±10.6 | 77.9±10.7 | 77.3±10.8 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 60.3(20403) | 60.2(13530) | 59.8(4926) | 62.6(1137) | 60.6(810) | <0.001 |
| CreaC, mmol/L | 65.8(59.5,73.7) | 65.2(59.1,72.9) | 66.9(50.4,75.3) | 66.9(60.1,77.8) | 66.4(60.0,74.2) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.36(0.97,1.97) | 1.32(0.95,1.92) | 1.45(1.03,2.06) | 1.43(1.03,2.08) | 1.49(1.04,2.10) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.07±1.13 | 5.16±1.13 | 4.88±1.11 | 4.95±1.16 | 4.85±1.10 | <0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.32±0.34 | 1.34±0.34 | 1.26±0.33 | 1.26±0.34 | 1.25±0.33 | <0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.98±0.90 | 3.06±0.90 | 2.83±0.87 | 2.87±0.88 | 2.79±0.85 | <0.001 |
| GGT, mmol/L | 21.0(15.0,32.0) | 21.0(15.0,32.0) | 20.0(15.0,31.8) | 22.0(15.0,34.0) | 21.0(15.0,33.0) | <0.001 |
| AST, mmol/L | 20.0(17.0,25.0) | 20.0(17.0,25.0) | 20.0(17.0,25.0) | 20.0(17.0,25.0) | 21.0(17.0,25.0) | 0.862 |
| ALT, mmol/L | 15.0(11.0,21.0) | 15.0(11.0,21.0) | 15.0(11.0,21.0) | 14.0(11.0,20.0) | 15.0(11.0,21.0) | 0.715 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.55(5.12,6.19) | 5.52(5.12,6.11) | 5.57(5.10,6.26) | 5.65(5.20,6.40) | 5.70(5.21,6.50) | <0.001 |
| PBG, mmol/L | 7.40(6.01,9.73) | 7.24(5.95,9.44) | 7.62(6.10,10.10) | 8.00(6.46,10.89) | 8.23(6.50,11.10) | <0.001 |
| Total sleep duration, h | 8.1±1.2 | 7.8±1.1 | 8.5±1.0 | 9.2±1.1 | 9.8±1.2 | <0.001 |
| Microalbuminuria, % | 14.5(4905) | 12.2(2742) | 19.3(1589) | 16.8(305) | 20.1(269) | <0.001 |
| High UACR level, % | 24.7(8357) | 24.2(5434) | 24.8(2045) | 27.5(500) | 28.3(378) | <0.001 |
| CKD, % | 2.5(832) | 2.3(510) | 2.6(216) | 3.6(65) | 3.1(41) | 0.001 |
| Hyperfilitration, % | 2.5(860) | 2.3(517) | 2.7(226) | 3.7(68) | 3.7(49) | <0.001 |
| UACR, mg/g | 10.0(5.8,19.9) | 8.7(5.3,16.9) | 13.7(7.7,25.3) | 11.3(6.2,22.0) | 12.8(7.1,26.5) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/(min×1.73m2 | 93.9±19.1 | 94.3±18.5 | 94.3±18.6 | 93.8±21.2 | 93.8±20.2 | <0.001 |
Chi-squared tests for discrete variables and one-way ANOVA for continuous variables.
All continuous variables with normal distribution are presented as the mean values and standard deviation (SD). All continuous variables with skewness distribution are presented as media and 25,75 percentile. All enumeration data presented as proportion.
Microalbuminuria was defined as UACR> = 30 mg/g, CKD was defined as eGFR<60 ml/min and hyperfiltration was defined as eGFR> = 135 ml/min.
According to the quartile division, among which centre the subjects belonged, the UACR data were divided into the under 25% group, the 25%-50% group, the 50%-75% group, and the over 75% group. Higher UACR level was defined as subjects belonged to the over 75% group.