Table 3. Risk for health outcomes according to total sleep duration and daytime napping.
| microalbuminuria | higher UACR level | CKD | hyperfiltration | hypertension | diabetes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | P value | OR | P value | OR | P value | OR | P value | OR | P value | OR | P value | |
| Model 1 | ||||||||||||
| Total sleep duration,h | ||||||||||||
| (0, 6) | 1.243(0.999, 1.547) | 0.051 | 1.262(1.097, 1.452) | 0.001 | 1.222(0.747, 2.001) | 0.425 | 1.263(0.782, 2.042) | 0.339 | 1.090(0.927, 1.280) | 0.297 | 1.237(1.031, 1.484) | 0.022 |
| [6, 7) | 1.143(1.019, 1.282) | 0.022 | 1.147(1.068, 1.231) | <0.001 | 0.912(0.686, 1.213) | 0.528 | 1.036(0.793, 1.352) | 0.798 | 1.031(0.951, 1.119) | 0.456 | 1.049(0.953, 1.155) | 0.329 |
| [7, 8] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| (8, 9] | 1.306(1.214, 1.405) | <0.001 | 1.025(0.978, 1.074) | 0.296 | 1.188(1.003, 1.406) | 0.046 | 1.284(1.091, 1.511) | 0.003 | 1.010(0.958, 1.065) | 0.710 | 1.149(1.081, 1.223) | <0.001 |
| >9 | 1.565(1.437, 1.705) | <0.001 | 1.108(1.047, 1.174) | <0.001 | 1.710(1.425, 2.053) | <0.001 | 1.522(1.262, 1.836) | <0.001 | 1.027(0.962, 1.096) | 0.422 | 1.464(1.361, 1.574) | <0.001 |
| Daytime napping,h | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| (0, 1] | 1.718(1.605, 1.838) | <0.001 | 1.019(0.974, 1.067) | 0.398 | 1.158(0.986, 1.361) | 0.074 | 1.197(1.021, 1.402) | 0.026 | 0.981(0.931, 1.033) | 0.459 | 1.294(1.220, 1.373) | <0.001 |
| (1, 1.5] | 1.450(1.274, 1.651) | <0.001 | 1.120(1.028, 1.220) | 0.009 | 1.597(1.228, 2.076) | <0.001 | 1.650(1.275, 2.134) | <0.001 | 1.103(1.000, 1.218) | 0.051 | 1.621(1.458, 1.801) | <0.001 |
| >1.5 | 1.813(1.577, 2.084) | <0.001 | 1.113(1.008, 1.229) | 0.034 | 1.362(0.986, 1.882) | 0.061 | 1.616(1.199, 2.177) | 0.002 | 1.016(0.908, 1.138) | 0.783 | 1.814(1.610, 2.044) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | ||||||||||||
| Total sleep duration,h | ||||||||||||
| (0, 6) | 1.167(0.935, 1.456) | 0.172 | 1.212(1.051, 1.395) | 0.008 | 1.065(0.645, 1.759) | 0.806 | 1.346(0.829, 2.184) | 0.229 | 0.967(0.813, 1.149) | 0.700 | 1.159(0.961, 1.398) | 0.122 |
| [6, 7) | 1.127(1.003, 1.266) | 0.044 | 1.129(1.050, 1.212) | 0.001 | 0.887(0.665, 1.184) | 0.416 | 1.043(0.797, 1.365) | 0.758 | 0.987(0.904, 1.077) | 0.767 | 1.029(0.932, 1.136) | 0.570 |
| [7, 8] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| (8, 9] | 1.262(1.172, 1.359) | <0.001 | 1.002(0.957, 1.050) | 0.927 | 1.031(0.868, 1.224) | 0.731 | 1.324(1.123, 1.561) | 0.001 | 0.971(0.917, 1.027) | 0.303 | 1.104(1.036, 1.177) | 0.002 |
| >9 | 1.448(1.327, 1.579) | <0.001 | 1.064(1.004, 1.126) | 0.035 | 1.273(1.054, 1.538) | 0.012 | 1.636(1.354, 1.977) | <0.001 | 0.921(0.858, 0.989) | 0.023 | 1.341(1.244, 1.446) | <0.001 |
| Daytime napping,h | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| (0, 1] | 1.602(1.495, 1.716) | <0.001 | 0.973(0.930, 1.019) | 0.244 | 0.887(0.752, 1.047) | 0.157 | 1.304(1.110, 1.530) | 0.001 | 0.863(0.816, 0.913) | <0.001 | 1.180(1.110, 1.255) | <0.001 |
| (1, 1.5] | 1.368(1.200, 1.560) | <0.001 | 1.112(1.020, 1.212) | 0.016 | 1.295(0.990, 1.693) | 0.059 | 1.731(1.333, 2.247) | <0.001 | 0.926(0.832, 1.030) | 0.158 | 1.427(1.279, 1.592) | <0.001 |
| >1.5 | 1.674(1.453, 1.929) | <0.001 | 1.053(0.954, 1.164) | 0.305 | 1.055(0.759, 1.468) | 0.749 | 1.761(1.302, 2.382) | <0.001 | 0.822(0.727, 0.929) | 0.002 | 1.619(1.431, 1.831) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | ||||||||||||
| Total sleep duration,h | ||||||||||||
| (0, 6) | 1.140(0.908, 1.431) | 0.259 | 1.207(1.045, 1.392) | 0.010 | 1.100(0.663, 1.824) | 0.713 | 1.314(0.763, 2.261) | 0.325 | 0.935(0.782, 1.118) | 0.461 | 1.171(0.965, 1.421) | 0.110 |
| [6, 7) | 1.130(1.003, 1.273) | 0.045 | 1.126(1.048, 1.212) | 0.001 | 0.934(0.699, 1.247) | 0.642 | 1.064(0.789, 1.435) | 0.683 | 0.991(0.905, 1.085) | 0.844 | 1.042(0.940, 1.154) | 0.436 |
| [7, 8] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| (8, 9] | 1.223(1.134, 1.320) | <0.001 | 0.990(0.945, 1.039) | 0.688 | 1.030(0.866, 1.226) | 0.736 | 1.191(0.987, 1.438) | 0.068 | 0.951(0.897, 1.009) | 0.096 | 1.065(0.997, 1.138) | 0.060 |
| >9 | 1.343(1.228, 1.470) | <0.001 | 1.030(0.971, 1.092) | 0.322 | 1.216(1.002, 1.477) | 0.047 | 1.395(1.121, 1.736) | 0.003 | 0.893(0.830, 0.961) | 0.003 | 1.288(1.191, 1.393) | <0.001 |
| Daytime napping,h | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| (0, 1] | 1.552(1.444, 1.668) | <0.001 | 0.973(0.930, 1.020) | 0.267 | 0.847(0.715, 1.003) | 0.054 | 0.867(0.721, 1.041) | 0.126 | 0.881(0.831, 0.934) | <0.001 | 1.150(1.079, 1.226) | <0.001 |
| (1, 1.5] | 1.301(1.135, 1.491) | <0.001 | 1.079(0.988, 1.179) | 0.091 | 1.229(0.933, 1.619) | 0.143 | 1.265(0.933, 1.716) | 0.130 | 0.926(0.828, 1.035) | 0.175 | 1.434(1.279, 1.608) | <0.001 |
| >1.5 | 1.567(1.353, 1.814) | <0.001 | 1.035(0.934, 1.145) | 0.517 | 0.976(0.696, 1.367) | 0.886 | 1.188(0.837, 1.687) | 0.336 | 0.809(0.713, 0.919) | 0.001 | 1.623(1.427, 1.845) | <0.001 |
Model 1 was unadjusted. Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex and BMI. Model 3 was adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus hip and waist circumference, drinking and smoking habits, physical exercise, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, GGT, blood glucose (except for diabetes) and blood pressure (except for hypertension).