Table 4.
Multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual and community level factors associated with childhood MCV1 in Ethiopia, 2016
| Variables | Model II AOR (95% CI) |
Model III AOR (95% CI) |
Model IV AOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual level factors | |||
| Child characteristics | |||
| Child’s age (months) | |||
| 12–23 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| 24–35 | 1.53 (1.2–1.88) | – | 1.53 (1.25–1.88) |
| Sex of child | |||
| Male | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.11 (0.92–1.35) | – | 1.10 (0.91–1.34) |
| Birth Order | |||
| 1 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| 2–3 | 1.01 (0.62–1.63) | – | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) |
| 4–5 | 1.03 (0.55–1.93) | – | 1.03 (0.55–1.92) |
| 6+ | 0.86 (0.41–1.81) | – | 0.87 (0.42–1.83) |
| Child Wanted | |||
| Wanted then | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Wanted later | 0.93 (0.70–1.23) | – | 0.94 (0.71–1.25) |
| Wanted no more | 1.52 (0.98–2.37) | – | 1.58 (1.00–2.47) |
| DPT1-HepB1-Hib1 (Pentavalent first dose) vaccine | |||
| Not vaccinated | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Vaccinated | 9.23 (6.98–12.22) | – | 9.09 (6.86–12.03) |
| DPT3-HepB3-Hib3 (Pentavalent third dose) vaccine | |||
| Not vaccinated | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Vaccinated | 8.15 (6.33–10.48) | – | 7.12 (5.51–9.18) |
| Maternal Characteristics | |||
| Maternal age (in years) | |||
| 15–19 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| 20–34 | 0.46 (0.28–0.78) | – | 0.45 (0.27–0.76) |
| 35–49 | 0.49 (0.27–0.90) | – | 0.45 (0.25–0.82) |
| Religion | |||
| Orthodox Christian | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Muslim | 0.71 (0.54–0.94) | – | 0.95 (0.65–1.38) |
| Protestant | 1.04 (0.74–1.46) | – | 1.32 (0.85–2.03) |
| Othersa | 1.05 (0.54–2.03) | – | 1.32 (0.66–2.62) |
| Maternal Education | |||
| No education | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Primary | 1.00 (0.78–1.29) | – | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) |
| Secondary and higher | 1.71 (1.10–2.66) | – | 1.62 (1.03–2.55) |
| Mother’s occupation | |||
| Did not work | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Non-professional | 1.07 (0.86–1.33) | – | 1.04 (0.83–1.29) |
| Professional | 0.97 (0.40–2.35) | – | 0.93 (0.38–2.25) |
| Mather’s relation to the household head | |||
| Wife | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Head | 0.72 (0.37–1.42) | – | 0.70 (0.35–1.38) |
| Daughter | 1.39 (0.83–2.32) | – | 1.35 (0.81–2.26) |
| Othersb | 1.08 (0.61–1.91) | – | 1.05 (0.58–1.87) |
| Sex of the household head | |||
| Male | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.54 (0.83–2.87) | – | 1.57 (0.84–2.93) |
| Number of living children | 1.00 | ||
| 1 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| 2–3 | 1.21 (0.74–1.97) | – | 1.21 (0.74–1.98) |
| 4–5 | 1.26 (0.66–2.40) | – | 1.29 (0.68–2.47) |
| 6+ | 1.16 (0.55–2.48) | – | 1.18 (0.55–2.53) |
| Wealth index | |||
| Poorest | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Poorer | 1.12 (0.83–1.52) | – | 1.16 (0.85–1.59) |
| Middle | 0.94 (0.68–1.30) | – | 0.99 (0.71–1.40) |
| Richer | 1.06 (0.75–1.50) | – | 1.18 (0.83–1.70) |
| Richest | 1.35 (0.93–1.98) | – | 1.34 (0.82–2.20) |
| Regular exposure to mass media | |||
| No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.33 (0.98–1.80) | – | 1.32 (0.97–1.79) |
| Community level factors | |||
| Region | |||
| Addis Ababa | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Tigray | – | 0.72 (0.30–1.73) | 0.65 (0.27–1.56) |
| Afar | – | 0.04 (0.02–0.09) | 0.32 (0.13–0.81) |
| Amhara | – | 0.25 (0.10–0.58) | 0.46 (0.19–1.11) |
| Oromia | – | 0.12 (0.05–0.27) | 0.24 (0.10–0.58) |
| Somali | – | 0.05 (0.02–0.13) | 0.39 (0.16–0.95) |
| Benishangul | – | 0.60 (0.25–1.47) | 0.63 (0.25–1.56) |
| SNNPR | – | 0.32 (0.14–0.75) | 0.42 (0.17–1.01) |
| Gambella | – | 0.15 (0.06–0.36) | 0.39 (0.16–0.99) |
| Harari | – | 0.11 (0.04–0.25) | 0.27 (0.11–0.66) |
| Dire Dawa | – | 0.63 (0.25–1.60) | 0.69 (0.27–1.79) |
| Residence | |||
| Urban | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | – | 0.30 (0.21–0.44) | 1.03 (0.64–1.65) |
| Distance to Health facility | |||
| Big problem | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Not a big problem | – | 1.42 (1.17–1.72) | 1.31 (1.12–1.61) |
aCatholic, traditional and other unclassified
bDaughter-in-low, sister, other relative, no relation