Table 2.
Summary of studies using adaptive ability tests in adults with DS. NR indicates “not reported.” IQ test results not shown (see Table 1)
| Study | AB scale | Score type(s) provided | Participants | Participant ages | Raw scores | Standardised scores | Floor effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gilmore et al., [28] | Vineland ABS 2nd Edition (VABS-II) | Adaptive Behavior Composite score | 21 | 24.83 (1.20) | NR | 51.86 (15.29) | NR |
| Hartley et al. [14]* | Vineland ABS 2nd Edition (VABS-II) | Adaptive Behavior Composite score | 58 | 37.6 (6.8; ≥ 30) | NR | 183.67 (47.65) | NR |
| Tomaszewski et al., [15] | Vineland ABS 2nd Edition (VABS-II) | Adaptive Behavior Composite score and three individual subscale scores | 31 | 25.9 (5.92) | NR |
52.6 (15.8) (Adaptive Behavior Composite); 45.7 (22.2) (Communication Standard Score); 55.5 (14.4) (Daily Living Skills Standard Score); 64.6 (13.7) (Socialisation Standard Score) |
NR |
| Dressler et al. [22] | Vineland ABS (Italian version) | Age equivalent scores | 49 | 28.8 (8.4; 19–52) | NR |
Total, 7.26 (3.35; 3.06–10.0); Communication sub-domain, 7.18 (3.51); Daily living skills sub-domain, 7.36 (2.62); Socialisation sub-domain, 7.62 (4.32) |
NR |
| Ghezzo et al. [8] | Vineland ABS | 36 adults with DS (of a larger sample of 67 participants which included children) |
18–29 years.: n = 24, 22.34 (3.40) 30–39 years.: n = 17, 34.27 (3.04) ≥ 40: years. n = 18, 49.34 (6.91) |
The following scales (including subscales) for each of the three adult age groups: Communication, Daily living skills, Socialisation, Motor skills. See paper for details. | |||
| Kishnani et al., [29]** | Vineland ABS | “Composite Supplemental Norm Score” | 53 (donepezil group); 59 (placebo group) |
24.2 (5.1; 18–36) (donepezil group); 26.0 (5.5; 18–38) (placebo group) |
NR |
57.4 (10–99) (donepezil group at baseline); 64.1 (30–99) (placebo group at baseline) |
NR |
| Witts and Elders [30] | Vineland ABS | Age equivalent scores | 33 | 36 (8.9; 22–53) | NR | 8.5 (3.7; 3.67–18.5) | NR |
| Kay et al. [19] | ABS | Raw scores | 85 | 38.2 |
157.5 (59.8; 34–270) Median, 165 |
NR | NR |
| de Sola et al. [17] | ABAS-II | Raw scores | 86 | 23.3 (4.3; 16–34) |
Total, 635.9 (90.9; 220–627); Communication sub-domain, 80.3 (12.7); Community Use sub-domain, 61.5 (13.2); Functional Academics sub-domain, 67.4 (17.9); Home Living sub-domain, 64.3 (12.1); Health and Safety sub-domain, 57.8 (9.5); Leisure sub-domain, 68.2 (11.5); Self-care sub-domain, 87.5 (8.3); Self-direction sub-domain, 73.5 (14.7); Social Skills sub-domain, 75.3 (14.7) |
NR | No subscales showed floor effects |
| Strydom et al. [23] | ABAS | Raw scores | 32 | 32.59 (6.78; 18–45) | 377 (139.53; 98–589) | NR | NR |
| Startin et al. [16] | Short-ABS | Raw scores | 130 aged 36+ years without dementia | 47.77 (7.01; 36–71) |
Total, 71.89 (23.39; 14–111); SABS P, 26.74 (6.07; 0–33); SABS C, 24.57 (12.06; 0–47); SABS PS, 20.78 (6.97; 3–32) |
NR |
Total, 0%; SABS P, 0.9%; SABS C, 0.9%; SABS PS, 0% |
| 51 aged 36+ years with dementia | 54.20 (6.95; 38–67) |
Total, 42.23 (24.51; 3–92); SABS P, 17.02 (9.70; 0–33); SABS C, 10.00 (15.00; 0–31); SABS PS, 13.00 (11.00; 1–28) |
NR |
Total, 0%; SABS P, 2.3%; SABS C, 2.3%; SABS PS, 0% |
|||
| 124 aged 16–35 years | 25.24 (5.53; 16–35) |
Total, 79.03 (19.73; 28–112); SABS P, 28.91 (4.55; 14–33); SABS C, 27.74 (10.36; 4–47); SABS PS, 22.53 (6.49; 7–32) |
NR |
Total, 0%; SABS P, 0%; SABS C, 0%; SABS PS, 0% |
*Only T1 data used in this review
**Only baseline data used in this review