Table 4.

Summary of intelligence and adaptive ability tests used by identified studies in adults with DS

	Test name	Authors	Domains measured
Intelligence tests	The British Picture Vocabulary Scale (2nd edition); BPVS-II	Dunn et al. [41]	Verbal IQ (receptive language)
	The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; KBIT	Kaufman and Kaufman [42]	Verbal and non-verbal IQ
	The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (2nd edition); KBIT-2	Kaufman and Kaufman [43]	Verbal and non-verbal IQ
	The Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised; Leiter-R	Roid and Miller [44]	Non-verbal IQ
	The Matrix Analogies Test-Expanded Form; MAT	Naglieri [45]	Non-verbal IQ
	The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (3rd edition); PPVT-III	Dunn and Dunn [46]	Verbal IQ (receptive language)
	The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (4th edition); PPVT-IV	Dunn and Dunn [47]	Verbal IQ (receptive language)
	The Revised Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; PPVT-R	Dunn and Dunn [48]	Verbal IQ (receptive language)
	The Prudhoe Cognitive Function Test; PCFT	Kay et al. [19]	General cognitive functioning
	Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices; RCPM	Raven [49]	Non-verbal IQ (abstract reasoning)
	Stanford Binet 5th edition; SB-5	Roid [50]	Verbal and performance IQ
	The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (3rd edition); WAIS-III	Wechsler [51]	Verbal and performance IQ
	The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised; WAIS-R	Wechsler [52]	Verbal and performance IQ
	The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised; WISC-R	Wechsler [53]	Verbal and performance IQ
	The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Revised; WPPSI-R	Wechsler [54]	Verbal and performance IQ
	The Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities; WJTCA-R	Woodcock [55]	General cognitive functioning
Adaptive ability tests	Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System; ABAS	Harrison and Oakland [33]	Adaptive abilities (main domains include: Conceptual, Social and Practical)
	Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System (2nd edition); ABAS-II	Harrison and Oakland [34]	Adaptive abilities (main domains include: Conceptual, Social and Practical)
	Short Adaptive Behaviour Scale; SABS	Hatton et al. [36]	Adaptive abilities (main domains include: Personal Self-Sufficiency, Community Self-Sufficiency, Personal-Social Responsibility)
	Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale; VABS	Sparrow et al. [31]; Italian version Balboni and Pedrabissi [32]	Adaptive abilities (main domains include: Communication, Daily Living Skills, Socialisation, Motor Skills)
	Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale 2nd Edition; VABS-II	Sparrow et al. [56]	Adaptive abilities (main domains include: Communication, Daily Living Skills, Socialisation, Motor Skills)