Table 2.
Participant Characteristics According to Rheumatoid Arthritis Status and Low Density Lipoprotein Concentration Strata
| RA |
Control |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDL ≤ 70 mg/dL (n=47) |
LDL > 70 mg/dL (n=499) |
p-value | LDL ≤ 70 mg/dL (n=244) |
LDL > 70 mg/dL (n=5035) |
p-value | Interaction p-value |
|
| Age, years | 55 ± 15 | 57 ± 11 | 0.26 | 62 ± 11 | 61 ± 10 | 0.67 | 0.20 |
| Male, n (%) | 13 (28) | 99 (20) | 0.20 | 113 (46) | 2401 (48) | 0.68 | 0.17 |
| White, n (%) | 35 (74) | 408 (82) | 0.22 | 82 (34) | 1928 (38) | 0.14 | 0.60 |
| BMI; kg/m2 | 26.5 ± 5.8 | 28.4 ± 5.9 | 0.030 | 28.2 ± 5.9 | 28.1 ± 5.5 | 0.78 | 0.020 |
| BMI<18.50 kg/m2, n(%) | 2 (4) | 8 (2) | 0.21 | 4 (2) | 50 (1) | 0.32 | 0.61 |
| BMI=18.50–24.99 kg/m2, n(%) | 21 (45) | 150 (30) | 0.041 | 77 (32) | 1498 (30) | 0.57 | 0.11 |
| BMI=25.00–29.99 kg/m2, n(%) | 9 (19) | 168 (34) | 0.040 | 80 (33) | 1956 (39) | 0.059 | 0.22 |
| BMI≥30.00 kg/m2, n(%) | 15 (32) | 171 (34) | 0.73 | 83 (34) | 1531 (30) | 0.26 | 0.43 |
| Waist circumference | 87 ± 16 | 93 ± 16 | 0.011 | 98 ± 16 | 97 ± 14 | 0.61 | 0.005 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3 (6) | 24 (5) | 0.50 | 42 (17) | 515 (10) | 0.001 | 0.57 |
| Ever smoking, n (%) | 27 (57) | 234 (47) | 0.17 | 134 (55) | 2455 (49) | 0.060 | 0.73 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 11 (23) | 63 (13) | 0.039 | 54 (22) | 655 (13) | <0.001 | 0.90 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 20 (43) | 229 (46) | 0.66 | 125 (51) | 2019 (40) | 0.001 | 0.14 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 123 ± 21 | 127 ± 19 | 0.21 | 126 ± 21 | 126 ± 21 | 0.82 | 0.44 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 75 ± 10 | 75 ± 10 | 0.72 | 71 ± 11 | 72 ± 10 | 0.38 | 0.68 |
| Anti-hypertensive use; n (%) | 17 (37) | 167 (33) | 0.63 | 113 (46) | 1582 (31) | <0.001 | 0.23 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 139 ± 24 | 205 ± 35 | <0.001 | 136 ± 22 | 199 ± 32 | <0.001 | 0.77 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 56 ± 21 | 56 ± 17 | 0.83 | 52 ± 20 | 51 ± 15 | 0.22 | 0.88 |
| Triglycerides*, mg/dL | 87 (67–127) | 112 (81–152) | 0.005 | 97 (63–174) | 109 (77–156) | 0.075 | 0.092 |
| CRP**, mg/L | 3.4 (0.5–8.0) | 4.0 (1.4–10.0) | 0.23 | 2.2 (0.8–5.1) | 1.9 (0.8–4.2) | 0.20 | 0.10 |
| CRP≥5mg/L, n(%) | 15 (41) | 161 (47) | 0.48 | 62 (25) | 998 (20) | 0.037 | 0.14 |
| Current NSAIDs, n (%) | 27 (57) | 274 (55) | 0.74 | 57 (23) | 1107 (22) | 0.61 | 0.82 |
| COX-2 inhibitors***, n (%) | 7 (20) | 122 (28) | 0.28 | 17 (7) | 282 (6) | 0.37 | 0.17 |
| Current aspirin use, n (%) | 8 (17) | 62 (12) | 0.37 | 53 (22) | 1104 (22) | 0.94 | 0.37 |
| RA duration, years | 10 (3–20) | 9 (3–19) | 0.76 | -- | -- | -- | |
| RF seropositive, n (%) | 31 (66) | 363 (75) | 0.18 | -- | -- | -- | |
| DAS28-CRP** | 3.6 (2.5 – 4.7) | 3.7 (2.8–4.5) | 0.42 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Morning stiffness, minutes | 20 (5–60) | 20 (5–60) | 0.77 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Any shared epitope alleles*, n (%) | 15 (52) | 256 (70) | 0.039 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Any non-biologics, n (%) | 39 (83) | 425 (85) | 0.66 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Current methotrexate, n (%) | 29 (62) | 319 (64) | 0.76 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Current hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 14 (30) | 103 (21) | 0.14 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Current biologics, n (%) | 15 (32) | 166 (33) | 0.84 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Current prednisone, n (%) | 21 (45) | 215 (43) | 0.83 | -- | -- | -- | |
Mean ± SD or median (IQR) depicted, unless otherwise noted
BMI=body mass index; SBP=systolic blood pressure; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; NSAID=non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication; LDL-C=low density lipoprotein concentration; HDL-C=high density lipoprotein concentration; CRP=C-reactive protein; RF=rheumatoid factor; RA=rheumatoid arthritis
*
available in n=385 RA patients
**
available in n=382 RA patients
***
available in n=463 RA patients