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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Magn Reson Med. 2019 Jul 17;82(6):2178–2187. doi: 10.1002/mrm.27885

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The proposed soft-hard composite pulse (A) and the conventional FatSat module (B). A soft RF pulse centered on fat on-resonance frequency (Δf) with a negative flip angle (−α) was used to flip the fat magnetization only, followed by a short hard pulse with a positive flip angle (α) to flip all the magnetizations in the opposite direction (A). The commonly used FatSat module is shown in (B) for comparison. A 90° soft pulse centered on fat on-resonance frequency was used to flip down the fat magnetization and then all the excited transverse magnetizations were crushed by a gradient spoiler. A following hard pulse was used for water signal excitation. The RF phases of soft pulses in A and B were determined by their center frequencies.