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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cardiovasc Eng Technol. 2019 Jun 11;10(3):520–530. doi: 10.1007/s13239-019-00419-0

Table 2.

Preload sensitivity and cardiac output from the open-loop model simulation, reported at three different preload pressures (5, 10, and 20 mmHg) and for all four different conditions simulated (healthy, heart failure, heart failure with continuous flow (CF) support at 9,000 rpm, and heart failure with 30ml TORVAD counterpulse support).

Preload sensitivity

L/min/mmHg
Cardiac Output

L/min
Preload pressure mmHg Preload pressure mmHg
Condition 20 10 5 20 10 5



Healthy .084 .170 .342 5.9 4.7 3.3
Heart Failure (HF) .068 .116 .265 3 2.2 1.4
HF + CF (9kpm) .083 .080 .086 5.9 5.1 4.7
HF + TORVAD Counterpulse .086 .156 .306 5.8 4.7 3.5