Pause duration analysis in the vocalizations of brain cell type-specific Gnptab knockout mice compared to wild-type littermates. The average of individual mean pause lengths in each genotype group was compared by t test calculating 2-tailed P value. *P ≤ 0.05; ****P ≤ 0.0001. Error bars indicate the SEM. (A) Interbout pause duration analysis In Gfap Cre-driver (astrocyte-specific) Gnptab knockout mice. Sample sizes (n) of wild-type animals = 29, n of cHET animals = 13, and n of cHOM animals = 15. (B) Interbout pause duration analysis in Plp1 Cre-driver (oligodendrocyte-specific) Gnptab knockout mice. The n of wild-type animals = 10, n of cHET animals = 8, n of cHOM animals = 10. (C) Interbout pause duration analysis in Adora2a Cre-driver (Drd2 neuron-specific) Gnptab knockout mice. The n of WT animals = 12, n of cHET animals = 8, n of cHOM animals = 11. (D) Interbout pause duration analysis in Pcp2 Cre-driver (Purkinje cell-specific) Gnptab knockout mice. The n of WT animals = 8, n of cHET animals = 9, n of cHOM animals = 8. Number of syllables cutoff for A–D is 15. (E) Immunostaining of CC area with anti-Gfap (red) and anti-Gnptab (green) in cHOM (Bottom) and wild-type littermates (Top) and quantification of stained area. White color indicates areas of colocalization, which was analyzed using the “Colocalization” plugin (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/plugins/colocalization.html) in ImageJ software with default threshold. Quantification of immunostaining area in which ratio of colocalization area versus Gfap staining area was calculated. (Scale bars, 100 µm.) Sample size for quantification of immunostaining is depicted on top of each bar graph.