Table I.
Basic description.
| Cases(n=181) | Controls (n=1299) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational Age(weeks) | 36.24 (2.252) | 36.6 (3.170) | <0.001 |
| Birth weight(g) | 1926.35 (590.538) | 2875.67 (793.309) | <0.001 |
| Male, n | 85(46.96%) | 823(63.36%) | <0.001 |
| Risk Factors | |||
| Twins, n | 33 (18.23%) | 135 (10.39%) | 0.002 |
| Premature rupture of membrane, n | 16 (8.84%) | 174 (13.39%) | 0.086 |
| Abnormality of amniotic fluid, n | 57 (31.49%) | 370 (28.48%) | 0.403 |
| Abnormality of umbilical cord, n | 217 (14.92%) | 1082 (16.71%) | 0.544 |
| Abnormality of placenta, n | 25 (13.81%) | 118 (9.08%) | 0.044 |
| Abnormal labor, n | 20 (11.05%) | 170 (13.09%) | 0.443 |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, n | 38 (20.99%) | 76 (5.85%) | <0.001 |
| Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, n | 16 (8.84%) | 95 (7.31%) | 0.465 |
| Anemia, n | 9 (4.97%) | 51 (3.93%) | 0.504 |
| Smoking or Passive Smoking, n | 23 (12.71%) | 151 (11.62%) | 0.672 |
| Advanced paternal age, n | 7 (3.87%) | 71 (5.47%) | 0.367 |
| Perinatal complication | |||
| Asphyxia, n | 41 (22.65%) | 339 (26.10%) | 0.320 |
| Congenital malformation, n | 26 (14.36%) | 162 (12.47%) | 0.474 |
| Hypoglycemia, n | 39 (21.55%) | 148 (11.39%) | <0.001 |
| Hypoxie-ischemic encephalopathy, n | 46 (25.41%) | 381 (29.33%) | 0.276 |
| Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, n | 29 (16.02%) | 243 (18.71%) | 0.382 |
| Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, n | 8 (4.42%) | 39 (3.00%) | 0.308 |
| Pneumonia, n | 69 (38.12%) | 528 (40.65%) | 0.516 |
| Hyperbilirubinemia, n | 66 (36.34%) | 316 (24.31%) | 0.001 |
| Apnea, n | 5 (2.76%) | 41 (3.16%) | 0.775 |
| Sepsis, n | 5 (2.76%) | 59 (4.54%) | 0.270 |
| Intracranial Haemorrhage, n | 23 (12.71%) | 225 (17.32%) | 0.119 |
*
P-value was generated from t-test or Pearson chi-square test.