Table 1.
Main demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics at baseline by quartiles of bone turnover markers
| OC | CTX | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartiles | Quartile 1 n=421 |
Quartile 2 n=420 |
Quartile 3 n=419 |
Quartile 4 n=420 |
p | Quartile 1 n=422 |
Quartile 2 n=420 |
Quartile 3 n=416 |
Quartile 4 n=422 |
p |
| BTM range, ng/mL | ≤17.0 | 17.1–23.0 | 23.1–30.0 | >30.0 | ≤0.23 | 0.24–0.37 | 0.38–0.52 | >0.52 | ||
| Demographic/Timing | ||||||||||
| Age, years | 73.4±4.4 | 74.4±4.9 | 74.3±5.0 | 76.0±5.5 | <0.001 | 73.2±4.4 | 74.7±4.9 | 74.5±4.9 | 75.7±5.5 | <0.001 |
| Black, n (%) | 79 (18.8) | 68 (16.2) | 69 (16.5) | 41 (9.8) | 0.002 | 70 (16.6) | 63 (15.0) | 62 (14.9) | 62 (14.7) | 0.864 |
| Season, n (%) | 0.061 | 0.305 | ||||||||
| Summer | 79 (18.8) | 88 (21.0) | 77 (18.4) | 83 (19.8) | 70 (16.6) | 77 (18.3) | 81 (19.5) | 99 (23.5) | ||
| Fall | 100 (23.8) | 116 (27.6) | 102 (24.3) | 81 (19.3) | 95 (23.5) | 104 (24.8) | 101 (24.3) | 99 (23.5) | ||
| Winter | 112 (22.6) | 103 (24.5) | 106 (25.3) | 97 (23.1) | 121 (28.7) | 98 (23.3) | 99 (23.8) | 100 (23.7) | ||
| Spring | 130 (30.9) | 113 (26.9) | 134 (32.0) | 159 (37.9) | 136 (32.2) | 141 (33.6) | 135 (32.5) | 124 (29.4) | ||
| Social/Lifestyle | ||||||||||
| Education ≤grade 11, n (%) | 121 (28.7) | 119 (28.5) | 121 (29.0) | 121 (28.9) | 0.356 | 118 (28.0) | 120 (28.8) | 101 (24.3) | 143 (34.0) | 0.104 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.8±5.1 | 27.3±5.0 | 26.7±5.0 | 25.5±4.8 | <0.001 | 27.6±4.9 | 27.2±5.0 | 26.7±5.2 | 25.7±4.9 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, kcal/week | 810 (293–1888) |
803 (270–1755) |
767 (240–1658) |
697 (223–1474) |
0.264 | 808 (270–1890) |
769 (270–1739) |
783 (266–1665) |
718 (158–1470) |
0.221 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.023 | 0.090 | ||||||||
| Never | 214 (51.9) | 240 (57.8) | 242 (59.5) | 258 (63.1) | 220 (52.8) | 246 (60.3) | 236 (58.1) | 252 (61.2) | ||
| Former | 148 (35.9) | 144 (34.7) | 128 (31.4) | 113 (27.6) | 149 (35.7) | 134 (32.8) | 131 (32.3) | 119 (48.3) | ||
| Current | 50 (12.1) | 31 (7.5) | 37 (9.1) | 38 (9.3) | 48 (11.5) | 28 (6.9) | 39 (9.6) | 41 (10.0) | ||
| Alcohol >7 drinks/ week | 34 (8.1) | 24 (5.7) | 25 (6.0) | 22 (5.2) | 0.330 | 27 (6.4) | 29 (6.9) | 23 (5.5) | 26 (6.2) | 0.874 |
| ERT, n (%) | 134 (31.8) | 45 (10.7) | 35 (8.4) | 13 (3.1) | <0.001 | 148 (35.1) | 47 (11.2) | 23 (5.5) | 9 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular/Metabolic | ||||||||||
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 136±21 | 137±22 | 137±23 | 139±22 | 0.142 | 136±20 | 137±21 | 137±23 | 139±23 | 0.038 |
| Anti-hypertensive Rx, n (%) | 224 (53.2) | 233 (55.5) | 191 (45.6) | 206 (49.0) | 0.020 | 230 (54.5) | 221 (52.6) | 185 (44.5) | 218 (51.7) | 0.021 |
| Thiazides, n (%) | 124 (29.5) | 92 (21.9) | 58 (13.8) | 65 (15.5) | <0.001 | 128 (30.3) | 90 (21.4) | 68 (16.3) | 53 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| Calcium Rx, n (%) | 130 (30.9) | 131 (31.2) | 101 (24.1) | 75 (17.9) | <0.001 | 139 (32.9) | 120 (28.6) | 106 (25.5) | 72 (17.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 98 (23.3) | 63 (15.0) | 43 (10.3) | 35 (8.3) | <0.001 | 90 (21.3) | 65 (15.5) | 36 (8.7) | 48 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| LDLc, mg/dL | 125±35 | 134±32 | 134±32 | 135±35 | <0.001 | 126±34 | 134±33 | 135±32 | 132±35 | 0.041 |
| HDLc, mg/dL | 60±17 | 56±14 | 57±14 | 56±14 | 0.003 | 60±16 | 57±15 | 57±14 | 55±13 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 134 (102–198) |
128 (87–179) |
120 (92–164) |
126 (93–166) |
<0.001 | 139 (102–198) |
134 (93–190) |
118 (89–165) |
123 (85–161) |
<0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 80.4±18.1 | 77.0±18.1 | 75.3±17.6 | 69.2±19.6 | <0.001 | 80.1±18.7 | 76.1±17.7 | 75.3±17.9 | 70.4±19.5 | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 4.3 (1.8–8.8) |
3.2 (1.4–6.0) |
2.2 (1.1–5.2) |
1.7 (0.8–4.0) |
<0.001 | 4.3 (1.8–8.6) |
2.7 (1.2–5.8) |
2.5 (1.1–5.5) |
1.8 (1.0–4.5) |
<0.001 |
| Prevalent CHD, n (%) | 59 (14.0) | 81 (19.3) | 81 (19.3) | 94 (22.4) | 0.018 | 65 (15.4) | 73 (17.4) | 68 (16.3) | 109 (25.9) | <0.001 |
| Prevalent CHF, n (%) | 11 (2.6) | 12 (2.9) | 20 (4.8) | 31 (7.4) | 0.002 | 8 (1.9) | 20 (4.8) | 16 (3.8) | 30 (7.1) | 0.003 |
| Prevalent stroke/TIA, n (%) | 18 (4.3) | 20 (4.8) | 23 (5.5) | 24 (5.7) | 0.765 | 13 (3.1) | 21 (5.0) | 23 (5.5) | 28 (6.6) | 0.121 |
Prevalent claudication, 26 (1.5%), Prevalent AF, 25 (1.5%), AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BTM, bone turnover marker; CRP, C-reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C (CKD-EPI); ERT, estrogen replacement therapy; HDLc, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TIA, transient ischemic attack; Rx, treatment.