Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for psychiatric controls (PC; n = 38), suicide ideators (SI; n = 99), and suicide attempters (SA; n = 60)
| Descriptive Statistics [M (SD) or n (%)] |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC | SI | SA | F / χ2 | p | Φ / ηp2 | |
| Abuse history | ||||||
| Physical or Sexual | 7 (18.42)a | 24 (24.24)a | 27 (45.00)b | 10.50 | 0.005 | 0.23 |
| Physical | 3 (8.11)a | 9 (9.09)a | 15 (25.00)b | 9.19 | 0.010 | 0.22 |
| Sexual | 5 (13.16)a | 17 (17.17)a | 19 (31.67)b | 6.44 | 0.040 | 0.18 |
| Psychiatric diagnoses | ||||||
| Mood Disorder | 18 (47.39)a | 93 (93.94)b | 53 (88.33)b | 44.31 | <0.001 | 0.47 |
| MDD | 17 (44.74)a | 89 (89.90)b | 51 (85.00)b | 36.11 | <0.001 | 0.43 |
| Dysthymia# | 2 (5.26) | 1 (1.01) | 0 (0.00) | |||
| Bipolar | 0 (0.00) | 3 (3.03) | 4 (6.67) | 3.18 | 0.204 | 0.13 |
| Anxiety Disorder | 12 (31.58)a | 58 (58.59)b | 38 (63.33)b | 10.61 | 0.005 | 0.23 |
| Panic | 1 (2.63) | 13 (13.13) | 9 (15.00) | 3.86 | 0.145 | 0.14 |
| Separation Anxiety# | 0 (0.00) | 2 (2.02) | 1 (1.64) | |||
| Social Phobia | 6 (15.79) | 29 (29.29) | 16 (26.67) | 2.64 | 0.268 | 0.12 |
| Specific Phobia# | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.01) | 0 (0.00) | |||
| OCD | 0 (0.00) | 7 (7.07) | 3 (5.00) | 2.85 | 0.240 | 0.12 |
| GAD | 7 (18.42) | 25 (25.25) | 16 (26.67) | 0.94 | 0.624 | 0.07 |
| PTSD | 0 (0.00)a | 6 (6.06)a | 11 (18.33)b | 11.58 | 0.003 | 0.24 |
| Behavioral Disorder* | 4 (10.53) | 15 (15.15) | 14 (23.33) | 3.10 | 0.212 | 0.13 |
| ADHD | 4 (10.53) | 13 (13.13) | 13 (21.67) | 2.91 | 0.233 | 0.12 |
| Psychotic Symptoms | 0 (0.00) | 3 (3.03) | 5 (8.33) | 4.69 | 0.096 | 0.15 |
| # of Disorders+ | 0.97 (0.91)a | 1.97 (1.01)b | 2.20 (1.38)b | 19.62 | <0.001 | – |
| Psychiatric symptoms | ||||||
| Depression | 19.13 (13.88)a | 37.61 (10.68)c | 33.04 (14.30)b | 29.98 | <0.001 | 0.24 |
| Anxiety | 45.94 (21.17)a | 65.14 (16.43)b | 62.88 (14.22)b | 18.57 | <0.001 | 0.16 |
| Anhedonia | 25.74 (7.96)a | 32.72 (6.65)b | 30.73 (6.48)b | 14.16 | <0.001 | 0.13 |
| Hopelessness | 4.67 (3.48)a | 12.13 (5.18)c | 9.99 (5.64)b | 29.98 | <0.001 | 0.24 |
| Suicide Ideation | 0.18 (0.61)a | 15.29 (6.96)c | 12.03 (10.19)b | 56.19 | <0.001 | 0.37 |
| Acute life events | ||||||
| Interpersonal Loss | 0.63 (0.79)a | 0.93 (0.92)a | 1.43 (1.41)b | 7.33 | <0.001 | 0.07 |
| Physical Danger | 0.05 (0.23) | 0.04 (0.20) | 0.12 (0.37) | 1.57 | 0.210 | 0.02 |
| Entrapment | 0.03 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.24) | 0.02 (0.13) | 1.04 | 0.354 | 0.01 |
| Humiliation | 1.03 (1.08) | 1.33 (1.20) | 1.50 (0.95) | 2.15 | 0.119 | 0.02 |
| Role Change/Disruption | 0.11 (0.31) | 0.14 (0.38) | 0.25 (0.47) | 1.96 | 0.144 | 0.02 |
| Chronic difficulties | ||||||
| Interpersonal Loss | 0.76 (0.82)a | 1.02 (0.61)a,b | 1.20 (0.51)b | 5.64 | 0.004 | 0.05 |
| Physical Danger | 0.71 (0.90) | 0.76 (0.99) | 0.95 (1.02) | 0.95 | 0.390 | 0.01 |
| Entrapment | 3.87 (1.83) | 4.61 (1.88) | 4.70 (2.04) | 2.53 | 0.083 | 0.03 |
| Humiliation | 0.45 (0.55)a | 0.75 (0.79)a,b | 0.88 (0.88)b | 3.67 | 0.027 | 0.04 |
| Role Change/Disruption | 1.16 (1.15)a | 1.84 (1.27)b | 1.97 (1.23)b | 5.53 | 0.005 | 0.05 |
Values with different superscripts significantly differ (p < 0.050)
PC psychiatric controls; SI suicide ideators; SA suicide attempters; OCD Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; GAD Generalized Anxiety Disorder; PTSD Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Behavioral disorders included ADHD, substance use disorders, alcohol use disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and/or Conduct Disorder. All behavioral disorders except ADHD were suppressed due to very low rates in rates in the sample
Chi-square analysis suppressed due to violation of assumption related to minimum expected cell count.
Group differences were tested in negative binomial regression analyses. Group (non-ideator, ideator, attempter) was entered as a categorical predictor variable in these analyses