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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Appetite. 2019 Jul 11;142:104369. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104369

Table 3:

Quantile Regression Estimates of the Association between Dietary Intake and Snacking Frequency

Full Sample Boys Girls

Coefficient of Snacking Frequency P value Coefficient of Snacking Frequency P value Coefficient of Snacking Frequency P value
12 -to-24 months

Total daily energy (kcal/day) β at 25th −1.63 0.927 4.51 0.844 −10.24 0.748
β at 50th 36.71 0.04 18.41 0.456 38.57 0.217
β at 75th 30.42 0.134 54.01 0.065 −13.9 0.651

Daily carbohydrate intake (g/day) β at 25th 1.81 0.438 3.08 0.343 −2.88 0.482
β at 50th 3.24 0.203 2.85 0.445 2.82 0.512
β at 75th 7.41 0.031 9.86 0.034 5.6 0.263

Daily fat intake (g/day) β at 25th 0.16 0.865 0.08 0.948 −0.25 0.86
β at 50th 0.84 0.3 0.23 0.834 0.97 0.507
β at 75th 0.92 0.245 0.77 0.472 1.34 0.318

Daily protein intake (g/day) β at 25th 0.39 0.663 0.16 0.901 −0.27 0.86
β at 50th 0.58 0.536 1.65 0.224 −0.64 0.663
β at 75th 1.36 0.125 1.8 0.155 0 >0.999

Daily Sugar intake (g/day) β at 25th 1.39 0.299 4.34 0.02 0.77 0.72
β at 50th 2.39 0.141 2.51 0.251 0 0.81
β at 75th 4.03 0.038 4.46 0.09 3.04 0.346

Daily Fruit intake (cup/day) β at 25th 0 >0.999 0.09 0.171 0 >0.999
β at 50th 0.06 0.255 0.15 0.034 −0.05 0.498
β at 75th 0.13 0.11 0.2 0.099 0.14 0.218

Daily Vegetable intake (cup/day) β at 25th 0.01 0.73 0.01 0.899 0 0.934
β at 50th −0.02 0.65 −0.06 0.382 −0.01 0.929
β at 75th −0.05 0.397 −0.05 0.503 0.03 0.671
2–6 years

Total daily energy (kcal/day)
β at 25th 103.11 0.019 61.53 0.38 111.85 0.089
β at 50th 136.17 0.004 142.18 0.043 133.97 0.081
β at 75th 186.02 <0.0001 205.54 0.003 210.33 0.019

Daily carbohydrate intake (g/day) β at 25th 19.92 0.002 21.66 0.028 23.6 0.011
β at 50th 16.5 0.016 23.88 0.025 15.37 0.141
β at 75th 14.13 0.042 18.73 0.112 22.48 0.044

Daily fat intake (g/day) β at 25th 4.87 0.037 6.06 0.088 3.38 0.313
β at 50th 8.06 <0.0001 7.16 0.033 6.98 0.068
β at 75th 8.22 <0.0001 8.25 0.007 10.77 0.018

Daily protein intake (g/day) β at 25th 3.83 0.053 0.46 0.886 3.74 0.26
β at 50th 3.52 0.107 4.38 0.177 1.7 0.626
β at 75th 5.38 0.035 5.05 0.128 4.62 0.202

Daily Sugar intake (g/day) β at 25th 10.38 0.003 12.54 0.018 7.47 0.162
β at 50th 13.36 0.002 15.56 0.011 9.74 0.122
β at 75th 12.03 0.014 16.15 0.034 8.06 0.214

Daily Fruit intake (cup/day) β at 25th 0.03 0.78 0 >0.999 0 >0.999
β at 50th 0.21 0.087 0.41 0.029 0.12 0.523
β at 75th 0.49 0.001 0.49 0.014 0.42 0.068

Daily Vegetable intake (cup/day) β at 25th 0.12 0.175 0.18 0.206 0.06 0.68
β at 50th 0.1 0.374 0.17 0.284 0.05 0.777
β at 75th 0.06 0.674 −0.03 0.866 0.18 0.499

Note: Separated quantile regression models were fit with total daily energy intake, daily carbohydrate intake, daily fat intake, daily protein intake, daily sugar intake, daily fruit intake, and daily vegetable intake as dependent variables, and snacking frequency as independent variables, controlled for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and maternal educational level.