Mean 17β-estradiol and DHEAS concentrations by MDD and menopausal stage, a) Serum estradiol levels in MDD
postmenopausal women were significantly lower than non-MDD postmenopausal women and pre/perimenopausal women, regardless of MDD
status. As expected, non-MDD postmenopausal women had significantly lower levels of estradiol compared to non-MDD
pre/perimenopausal women, b) In non-MDD subjects, men had significantly higher of DHEAS compared to pre/perimenopausal and
postmenopausal women. In MDD, men had significantly higher levels of DHEAS compared to postmenopausal women. There were no
differences in DHEAS levels between menopausal staging groups in both MDD status. Non-MDD: pre/perimenopause (n = 33),
postmenopause (n = 21), men (n = 67); MDD: pre/perimenopause (n = 29), postmenopause (n = 10), men (n = 27). Error bars represent
SEM. *p< 0.05.