Fig. 2.

Propranolol decreases the mitogenic potential of breast cancer cells. (A & B) IHC and graphical representation for Ki-67 performed on tissues from the diagnostic biopsy (pre-treatment) and surgical resection (post-treatment). Brown staining indicates Ki-67 antigenicity. Ten random vision fields were counted per condition. (C & D) DAPI staining of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was analyzed via flow cytometry after treatment with vehicle control or with 40 μM propranolol for 24 h. Three μM doxorubicin was added as a positive experimental control. (E) Quantification of the sub-G1/G0 cell sub-population from the flow cytometry analysis. Cell cycle populations (sub-G1, G1, S, G2/M) are marked in red in the control flow cytometry graph. (F & G) Immunoblotting and quantification of cyclin protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with vehicle control or 40 μM propranolol. Three μM doxorubicin was added as a positive experimental control. For quantification, cyclins were normalized relative levels of actin. AU indicates arbitrary units.