Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics
| Lean (BMI of <25 kg/m2) | Obese (BMI of ≥25 kg/m2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Did not develop DM | Developed DM | Did not develop DM | Developed DM | |
| n | 535 | 41 | 153 | 36 |
| Men/women | 202/333 | 20/21 | 84/69 | 19/17 |
| Age (years) | 58.2 ± 14.0 | 61.2 ± 11.0 | 58.4 ± 13.4 | 57.0 ± 11.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.6 ± 2.1 | 22.1 ± 2.0 | 27.3 ± 2.2 | 27.6 ± 2.0§ |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128.0 ± 18.3 | 129.0 ± 16.6 | 136.0 ± 18.9 | 133.0 ± 14.4 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.9 ± 10.0 | 76.9 ± 9.5 | 79.3 ± 10.7 | 78.1 ± 10.6 |
| T‐cho (mg/dL) | 220.0 ± 39.6 | 222.0 ± 31.5 | 223.0 ± 36.6 | 237.0 ± 44.4‡ |
| TG (mg/dL) | 104.0 (75.0–148.0) | 106.0 (81.0–185.0) | 123.0 (92.5–161.0) | 169.0 (110.0–242.0)‡ § |
| FSG (mg/dL) | 86.6 ± 8.3 | 92.9 ± 9.3† | 89.6 ± 8.6 | 92.8 ± 9.1 |
| 2‐h SG (mg/dL) | 97.5 ± 21.6 | 113.0 ± 22.3† | 105.0 ± 19.8 | 112.0 ± 17.0 |
| FIRI (μU/mL) | 12.0 (9.0–14.0) | 13.0 (9.5–14.5) | 15.0 (11.0–19.0) | 16.0 (11.3–19.8)§ |
| HOMA‐IR | 2.46 (1.80–3.18) | 3.02 (2.07–3.42) | 3.16 (2.42–3.99) | 3.67 (2.41–4.57)§ |
| HOMA‐β | 180.0 (128.0–246.0) | 144.0 (110.0–180.0) | 203.0 (137.0–272.0) | 175.0 (129.0–284.0) |
Data are expressed as number, mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). P‐values were calculated using unpaired t‐test. Parameters were transformed logarithmically before the analysis. † P < 0.05 between lean individuals who did and did not develop diabetes mellitus (DM). ‡ P < 0.05 between obese individuals who did and did not develop DM. § P < 0.05 between obese and lean individuals who developed DM. 2‐h SG, 2‐h serum glucose after the oral glucose tolerance test; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FIRI, fasting immunoreactive insulin; FSG, fasting serum glucose; HOMA‐β, homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T‐cho, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.