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. 2019 Mar 12;10(5):1177–1188. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13018

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© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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The effect of peptide administration on the intracellular Akt‐2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in diabetes‐induced mice at the end of the experiment. The mean columns of each diagram with no common superscript letter differ significantly (P < 0.05; n = 10). CON, control group (only citrate buffer injection); DI, exposed to diabetes; DM, DI and 3% dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent for the peptides (without a peptide); A, DM + Ala‐His (carnosine); B, DM + Glu‐Cys‐Gly (glutathione); C, DM + Leu‐Pro‐Pro; D, DM + Leu‐Gly; E, DM + Pro‐Gly‐Pro; F, DM + Pro‐Pro; G, DM + Pro‐Gly.