Table 1.
Comparison of mean plasma glucose level between treatments at different time points
| Treatments | Time (days) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time stages | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
| CON | 94.6 ± 1.7b | 107.4 ± 3.1abc | 120.3 ± 4.2abc | 99.2 ± 4.0a | 111.7 ± 4.5a | 118.7 ± 4.5a |
| DI | 111.6 ± 2.1cd | 113.9 ± 2.5bc | 146.4 ± 4.5cd | 159.8 ± 4.9b | 174.8 ± 6.8b | 279.3 ± 14.5d |
| DM | 104.4 ± 2.0bcd | 122.4 ± 2.4cd | 134.3 ± 3.2bcd | 133.3 ± 4.3ab | 177.3 ± 6.5b | 219.1 ± 12.1c |
| A | 101.1 ± 1.7bc | 94.3 ± 2.2ab | 98.0 ± 2.8a | 126.1 ± 4.0ab | 116.4 ± 4.3a | 138.8 ± 4.9ab |
| B | 117.9 ± 2.3d | 109.7 ± 3.1abc | 108.9 ± 3.5ab | 134.2 ± 4.4ab | 127.3 ± 5.0ab | 199.6 ± 8.1bc |
| C | 104.4 ± 1.8bcd | 113.2 ± 3.3bc | 121.0 ± 4.3abc | 143.4 ± 4.9b | 159.6 ± 5.7ab | 190.4 ± 7.2bc |
| D | 110.3 ± 1.9bcd | 138.2 ± 4.1d | 150.6 ± 4.6cd | 145.0 ± 4.8b | 112.0 ± 4.9a | 146.0 ± 5.1ab |
| E | 78.9 ± 1.4a | 86.4 ± 2.0a | 139.9 ± 4.0bcd | 144.8 ± 4.7b | 140.9 ± 5.5ab | 172.6 ± 8.1abc |
| F | 118.4 ± 2.0d | 109.6 ± 2.4abc | 130.0 ± 4.0abcd | 127.1 ± 3.9ab | 129.3 ± 4.9ab | 157.9 ± 5.7ab |
| G | 109.7 ± 2.1bcd | 101.7 ± 2.9abc | 121.4 ± 3.1abc | 139.3 ± 4.0ab | 132.8 ± 4.4ab | 186.8 ± 7.9bc |
| P‐value | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
Mean ± standard deviation within each column with no common superscript letter differ significantly; n = 10 for each group. Plasma levels are mg/dL. CON, control group (only citrate buffer injection); DI, exposed to diabetes; DM, DI and 3% dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent of the peptides (without of peptide); A, DM + Ala‐His (carnosine); B, DM + Glu‐Cys‐Gly (glutathione); C, DM + Leu‐Pro‐Pro; D, DM + Leu‐Gly; E, DM + Pro‐Gly‐Pro; F, DM + Pro‐Pro; G, DM + Pro‐Gly.