Table 2.
Changes in glycemic control at week 12 and week 24 between the four intervention groups
| Group A (MPA−, SMBG−) | Group B (MPA−, SMBG+) | Group C (MPA+, SMBG−) | Group D (MPA+, SMBG+) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c (%) | ||||
| Mean level at week 12 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 7.4 ± 1.4 | 7.4 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 1.1* |
| Mean level at week 24 | 7.7 ± 1.3 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 7.3 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 1.2 |
| Mean change from baseline at week 12 | −1.2 ± 0.4 | −1.3 ± 0.3 | −1.1 ± 0.3 | −1.3 ± 0.4 |
| Mean change from baseline at week 24 | −1.1 ± 0.4 | −1.1 ± 0.3 | −1.1 ± 0.3 | −1.1 ± 0.3 |
| Patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% | ||||
| Week 12, n (%) | 12 (29.2) | 25 (62.5)** | 22 (51.2)* | 20 (52.6)* |
| Week 24, n (%) | 12 (25.5) | 20 (44.4) | 29 (60.4)** | 28 (62.2)** |
| FPG (mmol/L) | ||||
| Mean level at week 12 | 8.7 ± 3.0 | 7.4 ± 2.1 | 8.9 ± 3.8 | 7.1 ± 2.8 |
| Mean level at week 24 | 8.5 ± 3.6 | 8.7 ± 4.5 | 8.5 ± 3.1 | 7.2 ± 2.5 |
| Mean change from baseline at week 12 | 0.18 ± 0.68 | −0.69 ± 0.38 | 0.00 ± 0.80 | −1.36 ± 0.46 |
| Mean change from baseline at week 24 | 0.24 ± 0.79 | 0.35 ± 0.70 | −0.69 ± 0.52 | −0.65 ± 0.45 |
| 1,5‐AG (μg/mL) | ||||
| Median level at week 12† | 47.0 (19.0, 79.0) | 48.0 (19.5, 59.0) | 48.0 (22.0, 108.0) | 69.0 (34.5, 104.0) |
| Median level at week 24† | 53.0 (27.8, 62.5) | 42.0 (19, 102.6) | 42.5 (22.0, 74.8) | 71.0 (25.0, 116.0) |
| Mean change from baseline at week 12† | 4.0 (−3.0, 21.0) | 6.0 (−15.5, 11.0) | 19.0 (−0.75, 45.0) | 7.5 (−6.3, 58.3) |
| Mean change from baseline at week 24† | 15.0 (−0.5, 61.5) | 4.0 (−10.0, 13.0) | 16.5 (−7.5, 45.5) | 27.5 (−7.8, 72.3) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. †Data are presented as median (interquartile range). *Compared versus group A, P‐value <0.05. **Compared versus group A, P‐value <0.01. 1,5‐AG, 1,5‐anhydroglucitol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; MPA, mobile phone application; SMBG, self‐monitoring of blood glucose.