Figure 4.

Chronic activation of adipocyte G_s signaling stimulates total energy expenditure and reduces food intake in HFD mice. All studies shown in this figure were carried out with male adipo-GsD and control mice that had been maintained on a HFD for 5 weeks and had received daily injections of CNO (10 mg/kg i.p.) during the last week of HFD feeding. In HFD adipo-GsD mice, daily CNO injections reduced body weight (A) and total fat mass (B). For indirect calorimetry studies (C–E), mice were housed in Oxymax/CLAMS chambers at room temperature (22 °C). HFD adipo-GsD mice showed increased total energy expenditure (TEE) (C), decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (D), and reduced food intake (E), as compared to control littermates. All studies were performed using 8-12-week-old male littermates. Data represent mean ± s.e.m. (control, n = 6; adipo-GsD, n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 vs. control. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test (A) or by two-tailed Student's t test (B–E).