Table 4.
Fixed effects on the likelihood of unmet contraceptive need, Northern Nigeria
| Characteristic | Model 1 (Wald chi-sq = 266.1; p < 0.001) | Model 2 (Wald chi-sq = 298.1; p < 0.001) | Model 3 (Wald chi-sq = 325.2; p < 0.001) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR | p-value | 95% CI | AOR | p-value | 95% CI | AOR | p-value | 95% CI | |
| Maternal age (years) | |||||||||
| 15–24 yearsa | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 25–34 years | 0.977 | 0.622 | 0.893–1.070 | 0.964 | 0.429 | 0.880–1.056 | 0.969 | 0.500 | 0.885–1.062 |
| 35 years or older | 0.885 | p < 0.05 | 0.792–0.988 | 0.867 | p < 0.05 | 0.776–0.969 | 0.873 | p < 0.05 | 0.780–0.976 |
| Number of living children | |||||||||
| Four or fewera | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Five or more | 1.801 | p < 0.01 | 1.652–1.963 | 1.808 | p < 0.01 | 1.658–1.971 | 1.813 | p < 0.01 | 1.663–1.977 |
| Maternal education | |||||||||
| Nonea | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Primary | 1.081 | 0.105 | 0.984–1.188 | 1.030 | 0.548 | 0.935–1.136 | 1.013 | 0.809 | 0.913–1.123 |
| Secondary | 1.124 | p < 0.05 | 1.005–1.257 | 1.044 | 0.476 | 0.927–1.175 | 1.022 | 0.747 | 0.896–1.165 |
| Higher | 0.869 | 0.176 | 0.710–1.065 | 0.778 | p < 0.05 | 0.630–0.960 | 0.788 | p < 0.05 | 0.625–0.993 |
| Death of a child | |||||||||
| Ever experienceda | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Never experienced | 0.882 | 0.001 | 0.819–0.949 | 0.867 | p < 0.01 | 0.805–0.934 | 0.866 | p < 0.01 | 0.805–0.933 |
| Community literacy level | |||||||||
| Lowa | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Medium | 1.138 | 0.052 | 0.999–1.296 | 1.128 | 0.069 | 0.991–1.285 | |||
| High | 1.247 | p < 0.05 | 1.054–1.474 | 1.230 | p < 0.05 | 1.041–1.454 | |||
| Community Knowledge of modern contraceptive | |||||||||
| Lowa | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Medium | 0.861 | p < 0.05 | 0.766–0.968 | 0.862 | p < 0.05 | 0.767–0.968 | |||
| High | 0.815 | 0.001 | 0.721–0.923 | 0.821 | p < 0.05 | 0.726–0.929 | |||
| Proportion ever used modern contraceptive in community | |||||||||
| Lowa | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Medium | 0.989 | 0.849 | 0.881–1.110 | 0.988 | 0.835 | 0.880–1.108 | |||
| High | 1.030 | 0.654 | 0.906–1.170 | 1.025 | 0.700 | 0.903–1.164 | |||
| Place of residence | |||||||||
| Urbana | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Rural | 0.909 | 0.060 | 0.822–1.004 | 0.916 | 0.088 | 0.829–1.013 | |||
| Geographic region | |||||||||
| North-centrala | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| North-east | 0.881 | p < 0.05 | 0.788–0.985 | 0.887 | p < 0.05 | 0.793–0.994 | |||
| North-west | 0.827 | p < 0.01 | 0.745–0.917 | 0.832 | 0.001 | 0.748–0.926 | |||
| Barriers to healthcare | |||||||||
| At least one barriera | – | – | – | ||||||
| No barrier | 1.162 | p < 0.05 | 1.040–1.299 | ||||||
| Partner education | |||||||||
| Nonea | – | – | – | ||||||
| Primary | 1.016 | 0.761 | 0.915–1.128 | ||||||
| Secondary | 1.100 | 0.088 | 0.986–1.228 | ||||||
| Higher | 1.048 | 0.514 | 0.911–1.205 | ||||||
| Couple fertility desire | |||||||||
| Both want samea | – | – | – | ||||||
| Husband want more | 1.057 | 0.215 | 0.968–1.153 | ||||||
| Husband want fewer | 1.011 | 0.911 | 0.832–1.229 | ||||||
| Don’t know | 1.193 | p < 0.01 | 1.087–1.309 | ||||||
aRC: Reference Category, p < 0.01 or p < 0.05 is statistically significant