Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics of case and control groups.
| All Casesa N = 225 |
Controlb N = 196 |
Casesa vs. Controlb P-Value |
Case1c N = 122 |
Case2d N = 103 |
Case1c vs. Case2d P-Value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, Mean ± SD (range) | 60.5 ± 12.4 (21-92) | 61.1 ± 12.2 (22-88) | 0.90 | 61.1 ± 11.1 (25-84) | 59.7 ± 13.8 (21-92) | 0.39 |
| Sex, male | 208 (92.4%) | 187 (95.4%) | 0.57 | 116 (95.1%) | 92 (89.3%) | 0.09 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 193 (85.8%) | 140 (71.4%) | 105 (86.1%) | 88 (85.4%) | ||
| Non-white | 25 (11.1%) | 48 (24.5%) | 12 (9.8%) | 13 (12.6%) | ||
| Unknown | 7 (3.1%) | 8 (4.1%) | <0.0001 | 5 (4.1%) | 2 (1.9%) | 0.53 |
| Hispanic (%) | 4 (1.8%) | 6 (3.1%) | 0.53 | 2 (1.6%) | 2 (1.9%) | 1.0 |
| Charlson index, Mean ± SD (range) | 2.6 ± 1.6 (0-9) | 3.5 ± 2.2 (0-12) | <0.0001 | 2.7 ± 1.7 (0-9) | 2.5 ± 1.5 (0-8) | 0.37 |
| Characteristics of spinal cord injury | ||||||
| Age at injury, Mean ± SD (range) | 36.3 ± 15.5 (11-88) | 38.7 ± 15.0 (19-74) | 0.12 | 35.9 ± 14.5 (11-74) | 36.7 ± 16.5 (18-88) | 0.74 |
| Duration of injury, Mean ± SD (range) | 24.4 ± 14.2 (1-61) | 22.0 ± 13.9 (1-59) | 0.28 | 24.9 ± 14.2 (1-61) | 23.9 ± 14.4 (2-57) | 0.62 |
| Level of injury | ||||||
| Tetraplegia | 130 (57.8%) | 113 (57.7%) | 0.57 | 65 (53.3%) | 65 (63.1%) | 0.13 |
| Paraplegia | 57 (25.3%) | 29 (14.8%) | 0.80 | 34 (27.9%) | 23 (22.3%) | 0.42 |
| Undocumented | 38 (16.9%) | 54 (27.6%) | 0.02 | 23 (18.9%) | 15 (14.6%) | 0.18 |
| Nitrofurantoin dose | ||||||
| 50 mg daily | 29 (12.9%) | --- | --- | 14 (11.5%) | 15 (14.6%) | 0.52 |
| 100 mg daily | 192 (85.3%) | --- | 105 (86.1%) | 87 (84.5%) | ||
| Othere | 4 (1.8%) | --- | 3 (2.5%) | 1 (1.0%) | ||
| Urinary catheter | ||||||
| Condom or intermittent | 87 (38.7%) | 64 (32.7%) | <0.02 | 52 (42.6%) | 35 (34.0%) | 0.17 |
| Suprapubic or urethral | 92 (40.9%) | 99 (50.5%) | 44 (36.1%) | 48 (46.6%) | ||
| Otherf | 46 (20.4%) | 33 (16.8%) | 26 (21.3%) | 20 (19.4%) |
aCases = Veterans with SCI receiving nitrofurantoin daily for ≥ 90 days.
bControls = Veterans with SCI who had not received prophylactic treatment and had a history of recurrent positive urine cultures (≥ 3 positive urine cultures the year prior to the study period); cases were matched to control by facility and year.
cCase1 group = Veterans with SCI continuously receiving daily nitrofurantoin for UTI prophylaxis over the one-year study period.
dCase2 group = Veterans with SCI with a history of at least 90 continuous days of nitrofurantoin for UTI prophylaxis.
eOne patient with 50 mg twice daily, one patient with 100 mg twice daily, and two patients with 50 mg four times daily.
fUndocumented or ileal conduit (4 patients Case2, 1 patient control).