Table 2. Urinary tract infection symptoms in case-case-control groups.

	All Casesa N = 225	Controlb N = 196	Casesa vs. Controlb P-Value	Case1c N = 122	Case2d N = 103	Case1c vs. Case2d P-Value
	Matched analysis			Unmatched analysis
Unique patients with UTI signs/symptomse	82 (36.4%)	111 (56.6%)	0.75	36 (29.5%)	46 (44.7%)	0.02
Dysuria	13 (15.9%)f	18 (16.2%)	0.58	6 (16.7%)	7 (15.2%)	0.55
Frequency	4 (4.9%)	9 (8.1%)	0.78	1 (2.8%)	3 (6.5%)	0.33
Urgency	3 (3.7%)	2 (1.8%)	0.65	1 (2.8%)	2 (4.3%)	0.59
Suprapubic pain	2 (2.4%)	3 (2.7%)	0.65	1 (2.8%)	1 (2.2%)	0.59
Hematuria	15 (18.3%)	10 (9.0%)	0.16	10 (27.8%)	5 (10.9%)	0.32
Flank pain	2 (2.4%)	4 (3.6%)	0.41	1 (2.8%)	1 (2.2%)	1.0
Spasms	17 (20.7%)	11 (9.9%)	0.13	7 (19.4%)	10 (21.7%)	0.26
Rigors	11 (13.4%)	24 (21.6%)	0.40	4 (11.1%)	7 (15.2%)	0.35
Fever	23 (28.0%)	35 (31.5%)	1.0	12 (33.3%)	11 (23.9%)	0.84
Altered mental status	8 (9.8%)	16 (14.4%)	0.39	2 (5.6%)	6 (13.0%)	0.15
Malaise	7 (8.5%)	8 (7.2%)	0.44	2 (5.6%)	5 (10.9%)	0.25
Nausea	8 (9.8%)	10 (9.0%)	0.64	4 (11.1%)	4 (8.7%)	0.98
Lethargy	11 (13.4%)	13 (11.7%)	1.0	6 (16.7%)	5 (10.9%)	1.0
Pelvic pain	12 (14.6%)	3 (2.7%)	0.02	5 (13.9%)	7 (15.2%)	0.47
Vomiting	8 (9.8%)	5 (4.5%)	0.41	3 (8.3%)	5 (10.9%)	0.37

^aCases = Veterans with SCI receiving nitrofurantoin daily for ≥ 90 days.

^bControls = Veterans with SCI who had not received prophylactic treatment and had a history of recurrent positive urine cultures (≥ 3 positive urine cultures the year prior to the study period); cases were matched to control by facility and year.

^cCase1 group = Veterans with SCI continuously receiving daily nitrofurantoin for UTI prophylaxis over the one-year study period.

^dCase2 group = Veterans with SCI with a history of at least 90 continuous days of nitrofurantoin for UTI prophylaxis.

^ePatients may have reported multiple symptoms during UTI infection.

^fAll Percents for the specific symptoms were calculated based on the number of patients in that group with documented signs/symptoms.