Table 3. Microbiologic and healthcare utilization outcomes by case control groups.
| All Casesa N = 225 | Controlb N = 196 | Casesa vs. Controlb P-Value |
Case1c N = 122 | Case2d N = 103 | Case1c vs. Case2d P-Value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average # of cultures/patient, Mean ± SD (range) | 2.05 ± 1.37 (1-7) |
1.93 ± 1.40 1-8) |
0.36 | 1.96 ± 1.4 (1-7) |
2.13 ± 1.32 (1-7) |
0.19 |
| Positive urine culture, # cultures (%)e | 387 (64.5%) | 407 (70.8%) | <0.0001 | 206 (64.6%) | 181 (64.4%) | 0.26 |
| Days between positive cultures, Mean ± SD (range) | 139.6± 111.3 (31-526) |
96.7± 78.8 (31-509) |
<0.0001 | 158.7± 123.5 (32-526) |
125.3± 99.1 (31-455) |
<0.0001 |
| Organisms isolated | ||||||
| Enterococci sp., # organisms (%)f | 112 (20.1%) | 129 (19.2%) | 0.82 | 22 (9.1%) | 90 (28.7%) | <0.0001 |
| E. coli, # organisms (%) | 135 (24.3%) | 208 (31.0%) | 0.38 | 66 (27.3%) | 69 (22.0%) | 0.13 |
| Klebsiella sp., # organisms (%) | 120 (21.6%) | 112 (16.7%) | 0.82 | 59 (24.4%) | 61 (19.4%) | 0.14 |
| Proteus sp., # organisms (%) | 99 (17.8%) | 84 (12.5%) | 0.25 | 53 (21.9%) | 46 (14.6%) | 0.02 |
| Pseudomonas sp., # organisms (%) | 90 (16.2%) | 138 (20.6%) | 0.25 | 42 (17.4%) | 48 (15.3%) | 0.46 |
| Resistance profiles | ||||||
| MDRO, # organisms (%) | 194 (33.3%) | 308 (43.8%) | 0.04 | 95 (37.3%) | 99 (30.3%) | 0.08 |
| CRE, # organisms (%) | 2 (0.6%) | 3 (0.7%) | 1.0 | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 0.49 |
| Nitrofurantoin resistant, # organisms (%) | 166 (63.4%) | 105 (36.6%) | <0.0001 | 93 (75.6%) | 73 (52.5%) | 0.0001 |
| Health care utilization | ||||||
| Outpatient encounters in FY2013, Mean ± SD (range) | 53.2 ± 44.9 (2-300) |
89.7 ± 67.6 (2-355) |
<0.0001 | 43.8 ± 37.5 (2-215) |
64.5 ± 50.2 (4-300) |
0.007 |
| Patients with admission in FY2013 (%) | 90 (40.0%) | 131 (66.8%) | <0.0001 | 40 (32.8%) | 50 (48.5%) | 0.02 |
aCases = Veterans with SCI receiving nitrofurantoin daily for ≥ 90 days.
bControls = Veterans with SCI who had not received prophylactic treatment and had a history of recurrent positive urine cultures (≥ 3 positive urine cultures the year prior to the study period); cases were matched to control by facility and year.
cCase1 group = Veterans with SCI continuously receiving daily nitrofurantoin for UTI prophylaxis over the one-year study period.
dCase2 group = Veterans with SCI with a history of at least 90 continuous days of nitrofurantoin for UTI prophylaxis.
eTotal number of urine cultures in demographic.
fTotal number of organisms in demographic.