Study	Reason for exclusion
Abuzzahab 1977	Allocation: not clear. Participants: chronic schizophrenia. Interventions: trifluoperazine versus penfluridol versus placebo. Outcomes: no usable data (literature review).
Barron 1961	Allocation: random. Participants: 'chronically mentally ill'. Interventions: trifluoperazine versus chlorprothixene versus placebo. Outcomes: no usable data (cross‐over study ‐ no results available pre‐cross‐over).
Cahan 1960	Allocation: not randomised.
Coons 1962	Allocation: randomised. Participants: mixed diagnoses.
Hamilton 1963	Allocation: randomised. Participants: chronic schizophrenia. Interventions: trifluoperazine versus prochlorperazine versus placebo. Outcomes: no usable data.
Holden 1971	Allocation: not clear. Participants: schizophrenia. Interventions: trifluoperazine versus thiothixene.
Hunt 1967	Allocation: random. Participants: schizophrenia. Interventions: trifluoperazine versus oxypertine.
Leff 1971	Allocation: not randomised.
Leff 1973	Allocation: randomised. Participants: schizophrenia. Interventions: pooled data from two RCTs ‐ fluphenazine decanoate versus placebo and trifluoperazine versus placebo.
Madgwick 1958	Allocation: not stated. Participants: chronic schizophrenia. Interventions: trifluoperazine ‐ once stabilised, half continued trifluoperazine, half withdrawn using placebo. Outcomes: no usable data (withdrawal study).
Morton 1968	Allocation: not randomised.
Stanley 1961	Allocation: not randomised.
Weckowicz 1960	Allocation: not randomised
Weston 1961	Allocation: not randomised.

RCT ‐ randomised controlled trial