Kwok 2012.
| Methods | RCT, Hong Kong | |
| Participants | 38 nurses. "All ED nurses who met the following inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the MEDI program: (a) currently employed ED nurse and (b) Cantonese‐English speaking" (p. 20) "Exclusionary criteria were as follows: (a) substantial drug or alcohol abuse problems, (b) current suicidal ideation, (c) the presence of psychotic symptoms, or (d) currently taking psychiatric medication." (p. 20) | |
| Interventions | 1) Experimental: MEDI intervention (n = 18) "The MEDI program is a combination of four crucial components: to pay attention to each moment with non‐judgemental manner (Mindfulness), to regulate intense emotions (Emotion regulation), to tolerate emotional distress when change is sluggish or implausible (Distress toleration) and to be more efficient in resolving interpersonal conflicts (Interpersonal effectiveness)." (p. 13) "...the MEDI program, which included four sessions, 1.5h each concerning mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness." (p. 24) 2) Control: No intervention (n = 20) |
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| Outcomes | MPSS‐R consisting of 4 subscales; OS = Occupational Stress, JD = Job Dissatisfaction, NPA = Negative patient attitude and SS = Somatic Stress. | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | "...two groups were formed: (a) MEDI treatment (n=18) and (b) no treatment control (n=20) based on each participant blindly drawing a number from an envelope (1 = MEDI group and 2 = control condition)." (p. 32) |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Authors do not report if allocation was concealed |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Blinding of participants (also outcome assessors of self‐report measures) and intervention providers was not possible. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | Participants were "[e]xcluded from analysis due to drop out". (p. 32) |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All measured outcomes were reported. |
| Other bias | High risk | The dropout rate was 50% of the original sample (12/18 in intervention group and 7/20 in control group). |