Table 2.
Summarized characteristics of study participants
| Controls (n = 25) | T1D patients (n = 22) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 12.5 (4.5–22.0)* | 11.6 (5.0–21.0)* |
| Female (%) | 52% (13/25) | 59% (13/22) |
| Islet autoantibodies (AAB) | ||
| GADA | 4% (1/25) | 73% (16/22) |
| ZnT8A | 0% (0/25) | 64% (14/22) |
| IA2A | 0% (0/25) | 82% (18/22) |
| Positive for 1 AAB | 4% (1/25) | 23% (5/22) |
| Positive for 2 AAB | 0% (0/25) | 36% (8/22) |
| Positive for 3 AAB | 0% (0/25) | 41% (9/22) |
| Enterovirus (EV) antibodies | ||
| EV IgA | 32% (8/23) | 36% (8/22) |
| EV IgG | 56% (14/23) | 27% (6/22) |
| EV IgA/IgG | 68% (17/23) | 55% (12/22) |
| HLA genotypes | ||
| High risk | 0% (0/25) | 46% (10/22) |
| Moderately increased risk | 0% (0/25) | 18% (4/22) |
| Slightly increased risk | 24% (6/25) | 9% (2/22) |
| Neutral | 36% (9/25) | 18% (4/22) |
| Slightly decreased risk | 40% (10/25) | 9% (2/22) |
| Strongly decreased risk | 0% (0/25) | 0% (0/22) |
| Metabolic data | ||
| Ketoacidosis | n.a. | 32% (7/22) |
Percentages or mean values and range from minimum to maximum (*). Ig = immunoglobulin; HLA = human leukocyte antigen; n.a. = not available; GADA = glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody, IA‐2A = protein tyrosine phophatase autoantibody, ZnT8A = zinc transporter 8 autoantibody .