Figure 3. Sensitivity of biomass to changes in τ.

a, Simulated biomass versus τ for three random forested locations. Dots show individual simulations and lines a fitted exponential function. b, Sensitivity to τ_o of difference in simulated biomass between simulations with τ_o and 0.5τ_o. c, Sensitivity of biomass carbon stocks to changes in τ. Shading indicates the sensitivity regime. d, e, Effect of multiplicative perturbation in τ on vegetation and soil carbon density averaged across the different sensitivity classes. Shaded areas show range of sensitivity simulations testing assumptions on the type of disturbance assumed (solid lines for standard simulation) (Methods).