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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2019 Jul 24;141:483–491. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.017

Fig. 4. cAMP-sirtuin crosstalk.

Fig. 4.

Conditions that increase NAD+ such as caloric restriction and fasting stimulate sirtuins (SIRT) 1 and 3 activities that converge into enhanced mitochondrial function, through deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins and increased mitochondrial mass. SIRT1 also deacetylates and increases SIRT3 activity, although it is unclear if this happens due to cytosolic or mitochondrial cyclic AMP (cAMP). cAMP signaling, indirectly (dashed lines) by increasing NAD+ or directly (solid lines) by phosphorylation increases sirtuin activity.