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. 2019 Sep 2;9:12632. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49143-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relationships between spatial coupling strengths (M) and persistence; (a) effects of adaptive dispersers (p_A) in which adaptive ability θ = 50; (b) effects of adaptive ability θ when p_A = 1.0. Yellow dots represent the community persistence in a special case where M = 0. Persistence was calculated along values of M, range of which is 0 and from 10⁻⁵ to 10² (total 65 points). N = 20, C = 0.5 and H_N = 2.