Figure 4.

Regulation of PGC‐1α. TGF‐β, tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), and Notch can repress PGC‐1α promoter activity by the SMAD3, Rel A, NF‐kB, and Hes1 pathways, respectively. On the other hand, exercise and calorie restriction activate PGC‐1α, while the activation of P53 and ERK can suppress PGC‐1α activation. mTOR‐induced YY1 increases PGC‐1α promoter activity. ERK, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase; NICD, Notch intracellular domain; MEK, mitogen‐activated protein kinase; TPL‐2, tumor progression locus 2; YY1, yin‐yang 1