Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratiosa (95% confidence interval) of the association between maternal antibiotics use and childhood cancer
| Time of exposure | Under 5 y | Full follow‐up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any cancer | Leukemias, myeloproliferative diseases, and myelodysplastic diseases | ALL | Any cancer | Leukemias, myeloproliferative diseases, and myelodysplastic diseases | ALL | |
| Prepregnancy | 0.9 (0.6‐1.2) | 1.0 (0.6‐1.5) | 1.0 (0.6‐1.6) | 0.9 (0.7‐1.1) | 1.1 (0.8‐1.6) | 1.1 (0.7‐1.7) |
| Anytime during pregnancy | 1.0 (0.8‐1.3) | 1.1 (0.7‐1.7) | 1.0 (0.6‐1.6) | 1.1 (0.9‐1.4) | 1.3 (0.9‐1.8) | 1.1 (0.7‐1.6) |
| First trimesterb | 1.5 (1.0‐2.0) | 1.5 (0.9‐2.5) | 1.5 (0.9‐2.6) | 1.5 (1.1‐1.9) | 1.3 (0.9‐2.0) | 1.3 (0.8‐2.1) |
| Second trimesterb | 0.6 (0.4‐0.9) | 0.9 (0.5‐1.5) | 0.8 (0.4‐1.5) | 0.8 (0.6‐1.0) | 1.1 (0.7‐1.7) | 0.9 (0.6‐1.5) |
| Third trimester3 | 1.1 (0.7‐1.6) | 0.9 (0.5‐1.6) | 0.8 (0.4‐1.6) | 1.1 (0.8‐1.5) | 1.1 (0.7‐1.7) | 1.0 (0.6‐1.7) |
Abbreviation: ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia,
a
Adjusted for prenatal substance use (any of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs), maternal age, and income quintile.
b
Also adjusted for exposure in other trimesters