Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Signaling pathways of PD-L1 regulation. The instinct PD-L1 expression is regulated by translational factors (HIF-1α, NF-κB, AP-1, and STATs) that binds to the gene promoter. The extracellular signals (hypoxia, cytokines, and EGF signals) will be transduced via different pathways (mainly through MAPK or PI3K/AKT) to regulate PD-L1 expression on transcriptional level. Some miRs are able to bind to 3′-UTR of PD-L1 mRNA for post transcriptional regulation.
