Figure 4.

The personalized PD-L1 combination therapy, a prospect of optimal PD-L1 immunotherapy guided by PD-L1 distribution and immune resistance of patients. Innate immune resistant cohort: (A) for cells with high constitutive mPD-L1, the regimen would mainly rely on antibody blockade while the combination of gene silencing or chemical inhibitor would benefit the treatment. (B) For cells with high intracellular PD-L1, the regimen should more rely on gene knockdown or inhibition method, supported by PD-L1 antibody. Adaptive immune resistant cohort: (C) the inducible PD-L1 is much easier to be controlled by gene silencing and chemical inhibitor combination therapy. Combined immune resistance cohort: (D) for cells with both high constitutive and inducible PD-L1, the regimen would be better to choose the combination of antibody + gene silencing or antibody + chemical inhibitor.