Table 2.

Basic characteristics of the included studies.

Study number	References	Study period	Study design	Country	Groups	Evaluation time, h	Definition of SAP	Sample size	Age	Male/female ratio	Severity	Mortality
1	Cho et al., 2015	2011–2012	Prospective	South Korea	CTSI	<48 of admission	2012 revised Atlanta	161	62.3a ± 16.1c	102/59	+
					Ranson	<48 of admission
					BISAP	<24 of admission
					APACHE II	<24 of admission
					CRP	On admission and 24 h after admission
2	Gurleyik et al., 2005	2001–2005	Prospective	Turkey	CTSI	<120 after the onset of symptoms	1992 Atlanta	55	Mild: 56.1a (28–98)e severe: 60.3a (23–77)e	18/37	+
					APACHE II	48
					CRP	at 48 h
3	Lee et al., 2016	2010–2013	Prospective	South Korea	CTSI	On admission	2012 revised Atlanta	146	Mild: 48.8a ± 16.4c, moderate: 49.3a ± 18.5c, severe: 63a ± 22.8c	92/54	+
					Ranson	On admission
					BISAP	On admission
					APACHE II	On admission
					CRP	On admission and 24 h after admission
4	Qiu et al., 2015	2008–2014	Retrospective	China	CTSI	<48 h of admission	2012 revised Atlanta	129	57a ± 17.3c	468/441	+
					Ranson	<48 h of admission
					BISAP	<24 h of admission
					CTSI	<48 h of admission		780
					Ranson	<48 h of admission
					BISAP	<24 h of admission
5	Yue et al., 2015	2011–2013	Prospective	China	CTSI	<48 h of admission	2009 Atlanta	169	54.3a ± 16.7c	98/71	+
					Ranson	<48 h
					APACHE II	0., and 72 h
6	Biberoglu et al., 2017	2010–2011	Retropsective	Turkey	CTSI	NA	NA	76	Presented in intervals	29/47		+
7	Bollen et al., 2011	2005–2007	Prospective	NA	CTSI	0–168 h, median 48 h after onset of symptoms	2009 Atlanta	196	53a (21–94)e	107/89	+	+
					MCTSI	0–168 h, median 48 h after onset of symptoms
					APACHE II	NA
8	Sharma et al., 2015	2013–2014	Retropsective	India	CTSI	72–240 h after onset of symptoms	2012 revised Atlanta	105	40.6a ± 12.99NA	65/40		+
					MCTSI	72–240 h after onset of symptoms
					BISAP	NA
9	Yang et al., 2016	2007–2015	Retropsective	China	MCTSI	<72 after onset of symptoms	2008 Atlanta	326	44a (14–85)e	184/142	+	+
					BISAP	<24 of admission
					Ranson	<48 of admission
					APACHE II	<24 of admission
10	Bollen et al., 2012	2.5 year period	Prospective	USA	CTSI	<24 of admission	2009 Atlanta	131	54b (21–91)e	84/66	+	+
					MCTSI	<24 of admission		131
					APACHE II	NA		131/159
					BISAP	NA		131/159
11	Alper et al., 2016	2011–2014	Prospective	Turkey	CTSI	Within 72–96 h after admission	CTSI >6 and/or modified Glasgow score >3	187	mild 57a ± 17.9NA, severe 60.1a ± 15.9NA	111/76	+	+
12	Zhao et al., 2016	2012–2014	Observational	China	APACHE II	At admission = <72 h after onset of symptoms	2012 revised Atlanta	74	NA	NA	+
					CTSI	At admission = <72 h after onset of symptoms
					CRP	<72 h
13	Fabre et al., 2012	2003–2007	Retrospective	France	Ranson	NA	1992 Atlanta	48	133 monthsb (24.9–233.5)e	23/25	+
					CTSI			17
14	Simchuk et al., 2000	1992–1997	Retrospective	USA	CTSI	–	–	268	57a (18–93)e	147/121		+
15	Jakchairoongruang and Arjhansiri, 2013	2005–2010	Retrospective	Thailand	CTSI	–	–	72	47.7a (6–89)e	39/33		+
16	Hashimoto et al., 2016	2002–2012	Retrospective	Japan	Ranson	NA	DeBanto et al.	37	6b (5–12)e	15/22	+
					CTSI			33
17	Park et al., 2013	2007–2010	Retrospective	Korea	BISAP	<24 of admission	Based on organ failure and/or local complications	303	52NA ± 17NA	216/87	+	+
					Ranson	<48 of admission
					APACHE II	<24 of admission
					CTSI	Within 7 days of admission
					CRP	Initial
					CRP	After 48 h
18	Khanna et al., 2013	2010–2012	Prospective	India	BISAP	<24 of admission	Presence of organ failure for more than 48 h and local complications	72	40.5a (18–76)e	37/35	+	+
					APACHE II	<24 of admission		72
					Ranson	<48 of admission		72
					CTSI	On day 4		54
					CRP	On day 2		60
19	Lautz et al., 2012	2000–2009	Retrospective	USA	CTSI	At presentation	DeBanto et al.	64	12.3b	NA	+
					Ranson	NA		64
20	Chatzicostas et al., 2003	1999–2001	Prospective	Greece	CTSI	<72 h after admission (median time 62 h)	1992 Atlanta	78	63.8a (25–93)e	42/36	+
					APACHE II	<24 of admission
					Ranson	<48 of admission
21	Xu et al., 2014	2012	Retropsective	China	CTSI	Within 3–5 days after admission	2008 Atlanta	257	51.2a ± 12.3NA (23–89)e	196/61	+
22	Yadav et al., 2016	2012–2014	Prospective	India	BISAP	<24 of admission	Persistent organ failure for more than 48 h	119	38.94a ± 14.59c	84/35	+	+
					Ranson	<48 of admission
					CTSI	Within the first 7 days of hospitalization
23	Papachristou et al., 2010	2003–2007	Prospective	USA	BISAP	<24 of admission	Presence of organ failure for more than 48 h	185	51.7a(15–90)e	94/91	+	+
					Ranson	<48 of admission
					APACHE II	<24 of admission
					CTSI	Within 48 h from admission
24	Vriens et al., 2005	1994–2002	Prospective	Netherlands	CTSI	Within 48 h after admission, 80% within 12 h	NA	79	61a (15–86)e	39/40		+
					Ranson	<48 of admission
25	Raghuwanshi et al., 2016	2013–2015	Prospective	India	CTSI	NA	2012 revised Atlanta	50	NA	NA		+
					MCTSI
26	Banday et al., 2015	2012–2013	Prospective	India	MCTSI	NA	NA	50	42,32a (17–80)e	33/17		+
27	Huang et al., 2010	2007–2009	Prospective	China	CTSI	<24 h after onset of symptoms	1992 Atlanta	187	mild: 60.4a ± 6.7c severe: 59.5a ± 7.1c,	112/75	+
28/A	Fei et al., 2018	2013–2016	Retrospective	China	BISAP	On admission	2012 revised Atlanta	1073	47.3a ± 7.1c	615/458	+
					CTSI
					AAPCHE II
					Ranson
28/B		2012–2016			BISAP			326	53.6a ± 8.7c	168/158
					CTSI
					APACHE II
					Ranson
29	Kumar et al., 2017	2014–2016	Prospective	Nepal	CTSI	After 48 h after arrival to hospital	Atlanta	125	46.78a ± 14.16c	74/51	+
					CRP	at 48 h
					Ranson	After 48 h of admission
30	Sahu et al., 2017	2014–2016	Prospective	India	CTSI	Median of 6 days; range of 5–11 days	2012 revised Atlanta	60	37a (19–65)e	36/24		+
					mCTSI	Median of 6 days; range of 5–11 days

CTSI, computed tomography severity index; MCTSI, modified computed tomography severity index; BISAP, bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis; APACHE II, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Examination II; N/A, not applicable;

^amean;

^bmedian;

^cstandard difference;

^dstandard error of mean;

^erange.